Index / Search / Tsuga canadensis
§1 Plant
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière
vernacular eastern hemlock — species · Pinaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Gymnosperm
- Family
- Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
- Genus
- Tsuga
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 544 counties across 26 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Low
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- None
- CaCO₃
- None
- Hedging
- High
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -33 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 80 min.
- Precipitation
- 32–55 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.2–5.7
- Root depth
- 28 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Lifespan
- Long
- Mature height
- 105 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 22 ft
- Foliage texture
- Fine
- Foliage colour
- Dark Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Dense
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Mid Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 187,200
- Propagation
- seed, cuttings, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- Yes
- Fuelwood
- Medium
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 544 counties across 26 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 1 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 57 N ▾
- Adair 21001
- Bath 21011
- Bell 21013
- Breathitt 21025
- Breckinridge 21027
- Campbell 21037
- Carter 21043
- Casey 21045
- Clark 21049
- Clay 21051
- Clinton 21053
- Cumberland 21057
- Edmonson 21061
- Elliott 21063
- Estill 21065
- Fleming 21069
- Floyd 21071
- Grayson 21085
- Green 21087
- Greenup 21089
- Hardin 21093
- Harlan 21095
- Hart 21099
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Johnson 21115
- Knott 21119
- Knox 21121
- Laurel 21125
- Lawrence 21127
- Lee 21129
- Leslie 21131
- Letcher 21133
- Lewis 21135
- Lincoln 21137
- Madison 21151
- Magoffin 21153
- Martin 21159
- McCreary 21147
- Menifee 21165
- Metcalfe 21169
- Montgomery 21173
- Morgan 21175
- Owsley 21189
- Perry 21193
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Russell 21207
- Scott 21209
- Taylor 21217
- Warren 21227
- Wayne 21231
- Whitley 21235
- Wolfe 21237
Maine view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Maryland view state ↗ 7 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 60 N ▾
- Alger 26003
- Allegan 26005
- Alpena 26007
- Antrim 26009
- Arenac 26011
- Baraga 26013
- Barry 26015
- Berrien 26021
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clare 26035
- Delta 26041
- Dickinson 26043
- Eaton 26045
- Emmet 26047
- Gladwin 26051
- Gogebic 26053
- Grand Traverse 26055
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Iosco 26069
- Iron 26071
- Isabella 26073
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Lake 26085
- Lapeer 26087
- Leelanau 26089
- Luce 26095
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Marquette 26103
- Mason 26105
- Mecosta 26107
- Menominee 26109
- Midland 26111
- Montcalm 26117
- Montmorency 26119
- Muskegon 26121
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Oceana 26127
- Ogemaw 26129
- Ontonagon 26131
- Osceola 26133
- Oscoda 26135
- Otsego 26137
- Ottawa 26139
- Roscommon 26143
- Saginaw 26145
- Sanilac 26151
- Schoolcraft 26153
- St. Clair 26147
- Tuscola 26157
- Van Buren 26159
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 2 N ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 1 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 16 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 42 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Genesee 36037
- Greene 36039
- Hamilton 36041
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Madison 36053
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Schenectady 36093
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Carolina view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Alexander 37003
- Alleghany 37005
- Ashe 37009
- Avery 37011
- Buncombe 37021
- Burke 37023
- Caldwell 37027
- Cherokee 37039
- Clay 37043
- Graham 37075
- Haywood 37087
- Jackson 37099
- Macon 37113
- McDowell 37111
- Mitchell 37121
- Polk 37149
- Rutherford 37161
- Stokes 37169
- Surry 37171
- Swain 37173
- Transylvania 37175
- Wake 37183
- Watauga 37189
- Yancey 37199
Ohio view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 67 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 1 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Blount 47009
- Campbell 47013
- Carter 47019
- Claiborne 47025
- Cumberland 47035
- Fentress 47049
- Grundy 47061
- Hawkins 47073
- Haywood 47075
- Jackson 47087
- Johnson 47091
- Marion 47115
- Monroe 47123
- Overton 47133
- Pickett 47137
- Polk 47139
- Putnam 47141
- Rhea 47143
- Roane 47145
- Scott 47151
- Sevier 47155
- Unicoi 47171
- Van Buren 47175
- Washington 47179
Vermont view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 64 N ▾
- Albemarle 51003
- Alleghany 51005
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Bland 51021
- Botetourt 51023
- Buchanan 51027
- Buckingham 51029
- Campbell 51031
- Caroline 51033
- Carroll 51035
- Charlotte 51037
- Clarke 51043
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Dickenson 51051
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Halifax 51083
- Hanover 51085
- Henry 51089
- Highland 51091
- King William 51101
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Pittsylvania 51143
- Prince William 51153
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Stafford 51179
- Surry 51181
- Tazewell 51185
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
West Virginia view state ↗ 41 N ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Berkeley 54003
- Boone 54005
- Braxton 54007
- Brooke 54009
- Calhoun 54013
- Clay 54015
- Doddridge 54017
- Fayette 54019
- Gilmer 54021
- Grant 54023
- Greenbrier 54025
- Hampshire 54027
- Hancock 54029
- Hardy 54031
- Jackson 54035
- Jefferson 54037
- Kanawha 54039
- Marion 54049
- Marshall 54051
- McDowell 54047
- Mercer 54055
- Monongalia 54061
- Monroe 54063
- Morgan 54065
- Nicholas 54067
- Pendleton 54071
- Pleasants 54073
- Pocahontas 54075
- Preston 54077
- Raleigh 54081
- Randolph 54083
- Ritchie 54085
- Summers 54089
- Taylor 54091
- Tucker 54093
- Upshur 54097
- Webster 54101
- Wetzel 54103
- Wirt 54105
- Wyoming 54109
Wisconsin view state ↗ 40 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Chippewa 55017
- Clark 55019
- Columbia 55021
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Florence 55037
- Forest 55041
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Kenosha 55059
- Kewaunee 55061
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Menominee 55078
- Milwaukee 55079
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Portage 55097
- Price 55099
- Richland 55103
- Rusk 55107
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- Taylor 55119
- Vernon 55123
- Vilas 55125
- Waupaca 55135
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/TSCA ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/2687182 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T12:30:10Z