§1 Plant
Salix alba L.
vernacular white willow — species · Salicaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Salicaceae Mirb.
- Genus
- Salix
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Introduced
- L48 Lower 48 States Introduced
§2b
County-level range
· 320 counties across 24 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- High
- Salinity
- Medium
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- Low
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -33 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 100 min.
- Precipitation
- 20–90 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.5–7.8
- Root depth
- 24 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 70 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 45 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- White
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Early Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Spring
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Propagation
- cuttings, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- No
- Fuelwood
- Low
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 320 counties across 24 states/territories.
Arizona view state ↗ 3 I ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 2 I ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 2 I ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 37 I ▾
- Adams 17001
- Bond 17005
- Boone 17007
- Brown 17009
- Champaign 17019
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- De Witt 17039
- DuPage 17043
- Hancock 17067
- Jackson 17077
- Jefferson 17081
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Lake 17097
- Lawrence 17101
- Macon 17115
- Mason 17125
- McHenry 17111
- Monroe 17133
- Morgan 17137
- Ogle 17141
- Peoria 17143
- Piatt 17147
- Pope 17151
- Richland 17159
- Sangamon 17167
- Vermilion 17183
- Wabash 17185
- Warren 17187
- Washington 17189
- Wayne 17191
- White 17193
- Will 17197
- Winnebago 17201
- Woodford 17203
Indiana view state ↗ 19 I ▾
Iowa view state ↗ 6 I ▾
Kansas view state ↗ 7 I ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 25 I ▾
- Ballard 21007
- Boone 21015
- Campbell 21037
- Casey 21045
- Cumberland 21057
- Daviess 21059
- Estill 21065
- Fayette 21067
- Floyd 21071
- Franklin 21073
- Graves 21083
- Greenup 21089
- Harrison 21097
- Henderson 21101
- Henry 21103
- Jefferson 21111
- Johnson 21115
- Kenton 21117
- Madison 21151
- Menifee 21165
- Nicholas 21181
- Oldham 21185
- Perry 21193
- Rowan 21205
- Wayne 21231
Maine view state ↗ 15 I ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 13 I ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 16 I ▾
Minnesota view state ↗ 19 I ▾
Montana view state ↗ 5 I ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 I ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 21 I ▾
New York view state ↗ 29 I ▾
- Albany 36001
- Bronx 36005
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Genesee 36037
- Kings 36047
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Orange 36071
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
North Carolina view state ↗ 6 I ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 31 I ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clinton 42035
- Crawford 42039
- Erie 42049
- Huntingdon 42061
- Juniata 42067
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lehigh 42077
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Montgomery 42091
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Union 42119
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 3 I ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 6 I ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 10 I ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 20 I ▾
- Arlington 51013
- Botetourt 51023
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Hanover 51085
- James City 51095
- King George 51099
- Loudoun 51107
- Montgomery 51121
- Page 51139
- Prince William 51153
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Shenandoah 51171
- Stafford 51179
- Wise 51195
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/SAAL2 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/5372513 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T07:25:30Z