Index / Search / Rubus occidentalis
§1 Plant
Rubus occidentalis L.
vernacular black raspberry — species · Rosaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Subshrub
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Rosaceae Juss.
- Genus
- Rubus
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 1,054 counties across 33 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Medium
- Shade
- Medium
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- High
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- Low
- CaCO₃
- High
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -28 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 129 min.
- Precipitation
- 24–45 in/yr
- pH range
- 5.2–7.5
- Root depth
- 12 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Thicket Forming
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Short
- Mature height
- 6 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 5 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- White
- Fruit colour
- Purple
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Mid Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 335,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container, sprigs
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- High
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- Yes
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 1,054 counties across 33 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 1 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 8 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 80 N ▾
- Adams 17001
- Boone 17007
- Brown 17009
- Bureau 17011
- Calhoun 17013
- Carroll 17015
- Champaign 17019
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- Crawford 17033
- Cumberland 17035
- De Witt 17039
- DeKalb 17037
- Douglas 17041
- DuPage 17043
- Edgar 17045
- Edwards 17047
- Effingham 17049
- Fayette 17051
- Ford 17053
- Fulton 17057
- Greene 17061
- Grundy 17063
- Hancock 17067
- Hardin 17069
- Henderson 17071
- Henry 17073
- Iroquois 17075
- Jackson 17077
- Jersey 17083
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Johnson 17087
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Kendall 17093
- Knox 17095
- Lake 17097
- LaSalle 17099
- Lawrence 17101
- Lee 17103
- Logan 17107
- Macon 17115
- Macoupin 17117
- Madison 17119
- Marion 17121
- Marshall 17123
- Mason 17125
- McDonough 17109
- McHenry 17111
- McLean 17113
- Menard 17129
- Monroe 17133
- Montgomery 17135
- Morgan 17137
- Moultrie 17139
- Ogle 17141
- Peoria 17143
- Perry 17145
- Piatt 17147
- Pike 17149
- Pope 17151
- Putnam 17155
- Randolph 17157
- Richland 17159
- Rock Island 17161
- Saline 17165
- Sangamon 17167
- Schuyler 17169
- Scott 17171
- Shelby 17173
- Stark 17175
- Stephenson 17177
- Union 17181
- Vermilion 17183
- Wabash 17185
- Warren 17187
- Whiteside 17195
- Will 17197
- Williamson 17199
- Winnebago 17201
Indiana view state ↗ 56 N ▾
- Blackford 18009
- Boone 18011
- Brown 18013
- Carroll 18015
- Clark 18019
- Clay 18021
- Crawford 18025
- Dearborn 18029
- Delaware 18035
- Dubois 18037
- Elkhart 18039
- Fayette 18041
- Floyd 18043
- Franklin 18047
- Fulton 18049
- Hamilton 18057
- Hancock 18059
- Harrison 18061
- Hendricks 18063
- Henry 18065
- Howard 18067
- Jackson 18071
- Jasper 18073
- Jefferson 18077
- Johnson 18081
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lagrange 18087
- Lawrence 18093
- Madison 18095
- Marion 18097
- Marshall 18099
- Miami 18103
- Monroe 18105
- Montgomery 18107
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Owen 18119
- Parke 18121
- Porter 18127
- Posey 18129
- Putnam 18133
- Shelby 18145
- St. Joseph 18141
- Starke 18149
- Steuben 18151
- Sullivan 18153
- Switzerland 18155
- Tippecanoe 18157
- Union 18161
- Vermillion 18165
- Vigo 18167
- Wabash 18169
- Warren 18171
- Wayne 18177
- Wells 18179
- White 18181
Iowa view state ↗ 23 N ▾
- Allamakee 19005
- Carroll 19027
- Cherokee 19035
- Crawford 19047
- Fremont 19071
- Guthrie 19077
- Hancock 19081
- Harrison 19085
- Lyon 19119
- Madison 19121
- Mills 19129
- Monona 19133
- Plymouth 19149
- Pottawattamie 19155
- Ringgold 19159
- Shelby 19165
- Sioux 19167
- Story 19169
- Union 19175
- Washington 19183
- Webster 19187
- Winneshiek 19191
- Woodbury 19193
Kansas view state ↗ 53 N ▾
- Allen 20001
- Anderson 20003
- Atchison 20005
- Barton 20009
- Bourbon 20011
- Brown 20013
- Butler 20015
- Chautauqua 20019
- Cherokee 20021
- Clay 20027
- Cloud 20029
- Coffey 20031
- Cowley 20035
- Crawford 20037
- Dickinson 20041
- Doniphan 20043
- Douglas 20045
- Elk 20049
- Ellis 20051
- Franklin 20059
- Geary 20061
- Greenwood 20073
- Harvey 20079
- Jackson 20085
- Jefferson 20087
- Johnson 20091
- Labette 20099
- Leavenworth 20103
- Linn 20107
- Lyon 20111
- Marion 20115
- Marshall 20117
- Miami 20121
- Montgomery 20125
- Morris 20127
- Nemaha 20131
- Neosho 20133
- Osage 20139
- Osborne 20141
- Ottawa 20143
- Pottawatomie 20149
- Republic 20157
- Riley 20161
- Rooks 20163
- Saline 20169
- Sedgwick 20173
- Shawnee 20177
- Sumner 20191
- Wabaunsee 20197
- Washington 20201
- Wilson 20205
- Woodson 20207
- Wyandotte 20209
Kentucky view state ↗ 80 N ▾
- Allen 21003
- Anderson 21005
- Ballard 21007
- Bell 21013
- Boone 21015
- Bourbon 21017
- Boyle 21021
- Bracken 21023
- Breathitt 21025
- Breckinridge 21027
- Bullitt 21029
- Campbell 21037
- Carlisle 21039
- Carroll 21041
- Carter 21043
- Christian 21047
- Clark 21049
- Clay 21051
- Clinton 21053
- Crittenden 21055
- Cumberland 21057
- Edmonson 21061
- Elliott 21063
- Estill 21065
- Fayette 21067
- Fleming 21069
- Floyd 21071
- Franklin 21073
- Fulton 21075
- Gallatin 21077
- Garrard 21079
- Greenup 21089
- Hardin 21093
- Harlan 21095
- Harrison 21097
- Hart 21099
- Henry 21103
- Hickman 21105
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Jessamine 21113
- Johnson 21115
- Larue 21123
- Laurel 21125
- Lawrence 21127
- Lee 21129
- Lewis 21135
- Lyon 21143
- Madison 21151
- Magoffin 21153
- Marion 21155
- Mason 21161
- McCreary 21147
- Meade 21163
- Menifee 21165
- Mercer 21167
- Metcalfe 21169
- Montgomery 21173
- Morgan 21175
- Nelson 21179
- Nicholas 21181
- Oldham 21185
- Owen 21187
- Owsley 21189
- Pendleton 21191
- Perry 21193
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Robertson 21201
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Scott 21209
- Spencer 21215
- Trigg 21221
- Trimble 21223
- Warren 21227
- Wayne 21231
- Whitley 21235
- Woodford 21239
Maine view state ↗ 8 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 19 N ▾
Minnesota view state ↗ 36 N ▾
- Anoka 27003
- Big Stone 27011
- Blue Earth 27013
- Brown 27015
- Chippewa 27023
- Crow Wing 27035
- Dakota 27037
- Fillmore 27045
- Goodhue 27049
- Hennepin 27053
- Houston 27055
- Isanti 27059
- Le Sueur 27079
- Lincoln 27081
- Lyon 27083
- Martin 27091
- McLeod 27085
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Mower 27099
- Norman 27107
- Olmsted 27109
- Pine 27115
- Pipestone 27117
- Polk 27119
- Pope 27121
- Ramsey 27123
- Rice 27131
- Scott 27139
- Sherburne 27141
- Sibley 27143
- Steele 27147
- Wabasha 27157
- Washington 27163
- Watonwan 27165
- Winona 27169
- Wright 27171
Mississippi view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 95 N ▾
- Adair 29001
- Andrew 29003
- Atchison 29005
- Audrain 29007
- Barton 29011
- Bates 29013
- Benton 29015
- Bollinger 29017
- Boone 29019
- Buchanan 29021
- Callaway 29027
- Camden 29029
- Cape Girardeau 29031
- Carroll 29033
- Carter 29035
- Cass 29037
- Cedar 29039
- Chariton 29041
- Christian 29043
- Clark 29045
- Clay 29047
- Clinton 29049
- Cole 29051
- Cooper 29053
- Crawford 29055
- Dade 29057
- Daviess 29061
- DeKalb 29063
- Dent 29065
- Douglas 29067
- Gasconade 29073
- Gentry 29075
- Greene 29077
- Grundy 29079
- Harrison 29081
- Henry 29083
- Hickory 29085
- Holt 29087
- Howard 29089
- Howell 29091
- Iron 29093
- Jackson 29095
- Jasper 29097
- Johnson 29101
- Knox 29103
- Lafayette 29107
- Lawrence 29109
- Lewis 29111
- Lincoln 29113
- Linn 29115
- Livingston 29117
- Macon 29121
- Madison 29123
- Maries 29125
- Marion 29127
- McDonald 29119
- Mercer 29129
- Miller 29131
- Moniteau 29135
- Monroe 29137
- Montgomery 29139
- Newton 29145
- Nodaway 29147
- Oregon 29149
- Osage 29151
- Ozark 29153
- Pettis 29159
- Phelps 29161
- Pike 29163
- Platte 29165
- Polk 29167
- Pulaski 29169
- Putnam 29171
- Ralls 29173
- Randolph 29175
- Reynolds 29179
- Saline 29195
- Schuyler 29197
- Scotland 29199
- Scott 29201
- Shannon 29203
- Shelby 29205
- St. Charles 29183
- St. Clair 29185
- St. Francois 29187
- St. Louis 29189
- Ste. Genevieve 29186
- Stone 29209
- Sullivan 29211
- Taney 29213
- Texas 29215
- Vernon 29217
- Wayne 29223
- Worth 29227
- Wright 29229
Nebraska view state ↗ 36 N ▾
- Antelope 31003
- Brown 31017
- Buffalo 31019
- Burt 31021
- Butler 31023
- Cass 31025
- Cedar 31027
- Cherry 31031
- Clay 31035
- Colfax 31037
- Cuming 31039
- Dakota 31043
- Dawes 31045
- Dixon 31051
- Dodge 31053
- Douglas 31055
- Furnas 31065
- Greeley 31077
- Hall 31079
- Holt 31089
- Johnson 31097
- Keya Paha 31103
- Knox 31107
- Loup 31115
- Nemaha 31127
- Otoe 31131
- Pawnee 31133
- Richardson 31147
- Saline 31151
- Sheridan 31161
- Stanton 31167
- Thomas 31171
- Thurston 31173
- Valley 31175
- Washington 31177
- Webster 31181
New Hampshire view state ↗ 7 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 20 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 42 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Broome 36007
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Greene 36039
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Wyoming 36121
North Carolina view state ↗ 39 N ▾
- Alleghany 37005
- Ashe 37009
- Avery 37011
- Buncombe 37021
- Caswell 37033
- Catawba 37035
- Chatham 37037
- Clay 37043
- Craven 37049
- Davidson 37057
- Durham 37063
- Forsyth 37067
- Graham 37075
- Granville 37077
- Guilford 37081
- Haywood 37087
- Henderson 37089
- Iredell 37097
- Jackson 37099
- Lee 37105
- Macon 37113
- Madison 37115
- Martin 37117
- McDowell 37111
- Mitchell 37121
- Orange 37135
- Polk 37149
- Randolph 37151
- Robeson 37155
- Rockingham 37157
- Scotland 37165
- Stokes 37169
- Surry 37171
- Swain 37173
- Transylvania 37175
- Wake 37183
- Watauga 37189
- Wilkes 37193
- Wilson 37195
North Dakota view state ↗ 4 N ▾
Ohio view state ↗ 88 N ▾
- Adams 39001
- Allen 39003
- Ashland 39005
- Ashtabula 39007
- Athens 39009
- Auglaize 39011
- Belmont 39013
- Brown 39015
- Butler 39017
- Carroll 39019
- Champaign 39021
- Clark 39023
- Clermont 39025
- Clinton 39027
- Columbiana 39029
- Coshocton 39031
- Crawford 39033
- Cuyahoga 39035
- Darke 39037
- Defiance 39039
- Delaware 39041
- Erie 39043
- Fairfield 39045
- Fayette 39047
- Franklin 39049
- Fulton 39051
- Gallia 39053
- Geauga 39055
- Greene 39057
- Guernsey 39059
- Hamilton 39061
- Hancock 39063
- Hardin 39065
- Harrison 39067
- Henry 39069
- Highland 39071
- Hocking 39073
- Holmes 39075
- Huron 39077
- Jackson 39079
- Jefferson 39081
- Knox 39083
- Lake 39085
- Lawrence 39087
- Licking 39089
- Logan 39091
- Lorain 39093
- Lucas 39095
- Madison 39097
- Mahoning 39099
- Marion 39101
- Medina 39103
- Meigs 39105
- Mercer 39107
- Miami 39109
- Monroe 39111
- Montgomery 39113
- Morgan 39115
- Morrow 39117
- Muskingum 39119
- Noble 39121
- Ottawa 39123
- Paulding 39125
- Perry 39127
- Pickaway 39129
- Pike 39131
- Portage 39133
- Preble 39135
- Putnam 39137
- Richland 39139
- Ross 39141
- Sandusky 39143
- Scioto 39145
- Seneca 39147
- Shelby 39149
- Stark 39151
- Summit 39153
- Trumbull 39155
- Tuscarawas 39157
- Union 39159
- Van Wert 39161
- Vinton 39163
- Warren 39165
- Washington 39167
- Wayne 39169
- Williams 39171
- Wood 39173
- Wyandot 39175
Oklahoma view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 67 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 4 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 2 N ▾
South Dakota view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 37 N ▾
- Bledsoe 47007
- Blount 47009
- Bradley 47011
- Carter 47019
- Claiborne 47025
- Cocke 47029
- Cumberland 47035
- Davidson 47037
- Dickson 47043
- Dyer 47045
- Fentress 47049
- Gibson 47053
- Grainger 47057
- Grundy 47061
- Hancock 47067
- Haywood 47075
- Henry 47079
- Hickman 47081
- Knox 47093
- Loudon 47105
- Madison 47113
- Maury 47119
- Montgomery 47125
- Obion 47131
- Roane 47145
- Scott 47151
- Sevier 47155
- Smith 47159
- Stewart 47161
- Sullivan 47163
- Sumner 47165
- Unicoi 47171
- Union 47173
- Van Buren 47175
- Warren 47177
- Washington 47179
- Williamson 47187
Vermont view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 93 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Alleghany 51005
- Amelia 51007
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Arlington 51013
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Bland 51021
- Botetourt 51023
- Brunswick 51025
- Buchanan 51027
- Buckingham 51029
- Campbell 51031
- Caroline 51033
- Charles City 51036
- Charlotte 51037
- Chesterfield 51041
- Clarke 51043
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Dickenson 51051
- Dinwiddie 51053
- Essex 51057
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Gloucester 51073
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Greensville 51081
- Halifax 51083
- Hanover 51085
- Henrico 51087
- Henry 51089
- Highland 51091
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King and Queen 51097
- King George 51099
- King William 51101
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Mathews 51115
- Mecklenburg 51117
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- New Kent 51127
- Northampton 51131
- Northumberland 51133
- Nottoway 51135
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Pittsylvania 51143
- Powhatan 51145
- Prince Edward 51147
- Prince George 51149
- Prince William 51153
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Richmond 51159
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Stafford 51179
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Tazewell 51185
- Virginia Beach (city) 51810
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Westmoreland 51193
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
- York 51199
West Virginia view state ↗ 42 N ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Berkeley 54003
- Braxton 54007
- Brooke 54009
- Cabell 54011
- Calhoun 54013
- Clay 54015
- Fayette 54019
- Gilmer 54021
- Grant 54023
- Greenbrier 54025
- Hampshire 54027
- Hancock 54029
- Hardy 54031
- Jackson 54035
- Jefferson 54037
- Kanawha 54039
- Logan 54045
- Marion 54049
- Marshall 54051
- Mason 54053
- Mercer 54055
- Mineral 54057
- Monongalia 54061
- Monroe 54063
- Nicholas 54067
- Ohio 54069
- Pendleton 54071
- Pocahontas 54075
- Preston 54077
- Raleigh 54081
- Randolph 54083
- Ritchie 54085
- Roane 54087
- Summers 54089
- Tucker 54093
- Upshur 54097
- Wayne 54099
- Webster 54101
- Wetzel 54103
- Wirt 54105
- Wyoming 54109
Wisconsin view state ↗ 52 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Barron 55005
- Brown 55009
- Buffalo 55011
- Calumet 55015
- Chippewa 55017
- Clark 55019
- Columbia 55021
- Crawford 55023
- Dane 55025
- Dodge 55027
- Door 55029
- Eau Claire 55035
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Grant 55043
- Green 55045
- Green Lake 55047
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Jefferson 55055
- Kenosha 55059
- La Crosse 55063
- Lafayette 55065
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marquette 55077
- Menominee 55078
- Milwaukee 55079
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Ozaukee 55089
- Polk 55095
- Portage 55097
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Rock 55105
- Sauk 55111
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- St. Croix 55109
- Taylor 55119
- Trempealeau 55121
- Vernon 55123
- Walworth 55127
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waupaca 55135
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/RUOC ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/2991466 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T09:28:40Z