Index / Search / Populus heterophylla
§1 Plant
Populus heterophylla L.
vernacular swamp cottonwood — species · Salicaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Salicaceae Mirb.
- Genus
- Populus
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 276 counties across 20 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -23 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 180 min.
- Precipitation
- 35–60 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.6–5.9
- Root depth
- 24 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Lifespan
- Short
- Mature height
- 100 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 50 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- White
- Fruit colour
- White
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Mid Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 152,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- No Known Source
- Nursery stock
- No
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- No
- Fuelwood
- Low
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 276 counties across 20 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 20 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Alexander 17003
- Clark 17023
- Clay 17025
- Crawford 17033
- Franklin 17055
- Gallatin 17059
- Jackson 17077
- Jefferson 17081
- Johnson 17087
- Knox 17095
- Lawrence 17101
- Livingston 17105
- Massac 17127
- Perry 17145
- Pope 17151
- Pulaski 17153
- Richland 17159
- Saline 17165
- Scott 17171
- St. Clair 17163
- Union 17181
- Wabash 17185
- Washington 17189
- Williamson 17199
Indiana view state ↗ 34 N ▾
- Adams 18001
- Allen 18003
- Blackford 18009
- Boone 18011
- Cass 18017
- Clark 18019
- Clay 18021
- Crawford 18025
- Daviess 18027
- DeKalb 18033
- Dubois 18037
- Gibson 18051
- Grant 18053
- Greene 18055
- Harrison 18061
- Jackson 18071
- Jasper 18073
- Jay 18075
- Jefferson 18077
- Knox 18083
- LaPorte 18091
- Lawrence 18093
- Marshall 18099
- Noble 18113
- Posey 18129
- Spencer 18147
- St. Joseph 18141
- Starke 18149
- Sullivan 18153
- Union 18161
- Vanderburgh 18163
- Vigo 18167
- Wabash 18169
- Wells 18179
Kentucky view state ↗ 25 N ▾
- Ballard 21007
- Butler 21031
- Caldwell 21033
- Clark 21049
- Daviess 21059
- Gallatin 21077
- Harrison 21097
- Henderson 21101
- Henry 21103
- Hickman 21105
- Hopkins 21107
- Jefferson 21111
- Larue 21123
- Livingston 21139
- Logan 21141
- Marshall 21157
- McCracken 21145
- McLean 21149
- Metcalfe 21169
- Montgomery 21173
- Muhlenberg 21177
- Ohio 21183
- Robertson 21201
- Todd 21219
- Union 21225
Louisiana view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 10 N ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 14 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 11 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 8 N ▾
North Carolina view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Beaufort 37013
- Bladen 37017
- Brunswick 37019
- Chatham 37037
- Columbus 37047
- Craven 37049
- Cumberland 37051
- Currituck 37053
- Edgecombe 37065
- Gates 37073
- Halifax 37083
- Hyde 37095
- Johnston 37101
- Lenoir 37107
- Martin 37117
- Nash 37127
- Northampton 37131
- Pamlico 37137
- Pender 37141
- Pitt 37147
- Robeson 37155
- Scotland 37165
- Wake 37183
- Warren 37185
Ohio view state ↗ 22 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 27 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Brunswick 51025
- Caroline 51033
- Charles City 51036
- Charlotte 51037
- Chesapeake (city) 51550
- Chesterfield 51041
- Dinwiddie 51053
- Fairfax 51059
- Greensville 51081
- Hampton (city) 51650
- Henrico 51087
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King and Queen 51097
- King William 51101
- Louisa 51109
- New Kent 51127
- Northampton 51131
- Prince George 51149
- Southampton 51175
- Suffolk (city) 51800
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Virginia Beach (city) 51810
- Warren 51187
- Westmoreland 51193
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/POHE4 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/3040239 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T10:50:45Z