Index / Search / Picea mariana
§1 Plant
Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
vernacular black spruce — species · Pinaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Gymnosperm
- Family
- Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
- Genus
- Picea
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Native
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 219 counties across 13 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Low
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- None
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- Low
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- Low
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -79 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 60 min.
- Precipitation
- 5–60 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.7–6.5
- Root depth
- 16 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 65 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 20 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Dense
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 404,800
- Propagation
- seed, cuttings, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- Yes
- Fuelwood
- Medium
- Christmas tree
- Yes
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 219 counties across 13 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 15 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 9 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 43 N ▾
- Alcona 26001
- Alger 26003
- Alpena 26007
- Arenac 26011
- Baraga 26013
- Benzie 26019
- Calhoun 26025
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clare 26035
- Crawford 26039
- Delta 26041
- Dickinson 26043
- Emmet 26047
- Gladwin 26051
- Gogebic 26053
- Houghton 26061
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Iosco 26069
- Iron 26071
- Isabella 26073
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Lapeer 26087
- Leelanau 26089
- Livingston 26093
- Luce 26095
- Mackinac 26097
- Manistee 26101
- Marquette 26103
- Menominee 26109
- Montcalm 26117
- Montmorency 26119
- Oakland 26125
- Ogemaw 26129
- Ontonagon 26131
- Osceola 26133
- Roscommon 26143
- Schoolcraft 26153
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Aitkin 27001
- Anoka 27003
- Becker 27005
- Beltrami 27007
- Carlton 27017
- Cass 27021
- Chisago 27025
- Clearwater 27029
- Cook 27031
- Crow Wing 27035
- Douglas 27041
- Hubbard 27057
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Kanabec 27065
- Koochiching 27071
- Lake 27075
- Lake of the Woods 27077
- Mahnomen 27087
- Marshall 27089
- Morrison 27097
- Pine 27115
- Roseau 27135
- St. Louis 27137
New Hampshire view state ↗ 9 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 7 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 29 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Hamilton 36041
- Herkimer 36043
- Jefferson 36045
- Lewis 36049
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Putnam 36079
- Rensselaer 36083
- Schoharie 36095
- Seneca 36099
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Tioga 36107
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 17 N ▾
Rhode Island view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 39 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Barron 55005
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Burnett 55013
- Chippewa 55017
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Florence 55037
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Forest 55041
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Marquette 55077
- Menominee 55078
- Milwaukee 55079
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Ozaukee 55089
- Portage 55097
- Price 55099
- Rusk 55107
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- Taylor 55119
- Vilas 55125
- Washburn 55129
- Waupaca 55135
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/PIMA ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/5284802 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T11:35:19Z