Index / Search / Pinus echinata
§1 Plant
Pinus echinata Mill.
vernacular shortleaf pine — species · Pinaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Gymnosperm
- Family
- Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
- Genus
- Pinus
§2a
Native status, by region
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 628 counties across 23 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Medium
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- High
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- None
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- Low
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -18 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 180 min.
- Precipitation
- 34–65 in/yr
- pH range
- 4–6
- Root depth
- 24 in min.
- Fertility need
- Low
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 100 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 60 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Dense
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Mid Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Moderate
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 48,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- Yes
- Fuelwood
- Low
- Christmas tree
- Yes
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 628 counties across 23 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 57 N ▾
- Autauga 01001
- Baldwin 01003
- Barbour 01005
- Bibb 01007
- Bullock 01011
- Butler 01013
- Calhoun 01015
- Chambers 01017
- Cherokee 01019
- Chilton 01021
- Clarke 01025
- Clay 01027
- Cleburne 01029
- Coffee 01031
- Colbert 01033
- Conecuh 01035
- Coosa 01037
- Covington 01039
- Crenshaw 01041
- Cullman 01043
- Dale 01045
- Dallas 01047
- DeKalb 01049
- Elmore 01051
- Escambia 01053
- Etowah 01055
- Fayette 01057
- Franklin 01059
- Greene 01063
- Hale 01065
- Henry 01067
- Jackson 01071
- Jefferson 01073
- Lamar 01075
- Lauderdale 01077
- Lawrence 01079
- Lee 01081
- Lowndes 01085
- Macon 01087
- Madison 01089
- Marengo 01091
- Marion 01093
- Marshall 01095
- Montgomery 01101
- Morgan 01103
- Perry 01105
- Pickens 01107
- Pike 01109
- Randolph 01111
- Russell 01113
- Shelby 01117
- St. Clair 01115
- Sumter 01119
- Tallapoosa 01123
- Tuscaloosa 01125
- Wilcox 01131
- Winston 01133
Arkansas view state ↗ 62 N ▾
- Ashley 05003
- Baxter 05005
- Benton 05007
- Boone 05009
- Bradley 05011
- Calhoun 05013
- Carroll 05015
- Chicot 05017
- Clark 05019
- Cleburne 05023
- Cleveland 05025
- Columbia 05027
- Conway 05029
- Craighead 05031
- Crawford 05033
- Cross 05037
- Dallas 05039
- Desha 05041
- Drew 05043
- Faulkner 05045
- Franklin 05047
- Fulton 05049
- Garland 05051
- Grant 05053
- Greene 05055
- Hempstead 05057
- Hot Spring 05059
- Howard 05061
- Independence 05063
- Izard 05065
- Jefferson 05069
- Johnson 05071
- Lafayette 05073
- Lincoln 05079
- Little River 05081
- Logan 05083
- Madison 05087
- Marion 05089
- Miller 05091
- Montgomery 05097
- Nevada 05099
- Newton 05101
- Ouachita 05103
- Perry 05105
- Pike 05109
- Poinsett 05111
- Polk 05113
- Pope 05115
- Pulaski 05119
- Saline 05125
- Scott 05127
- Searcy 05129
- Sebastian 05131
- Sevier 05133
- Sharp 05135
- St. Francis 05123
- Stone 05137
- Union 05139
- Van Buren 05141
- Washington 05143
- White 05145
- Yell 05149
Delaware view state ↗ 2 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 33 N ▾
- Bartow 13015
- Brooks 13027
- Bulloch 13031
- Carroll 13045
- Chatham 13051
- Cherokee 13057
- Clarke 13059
- Colquitt 13071
- Columbia 13073
- Decatur 13087
- DeKalb 13089
- Forsyth 13117
- Gwinnett 13135
- Henry 13151
- Jackson 13157
- Jasper 13159
- Jefferson 13163
- Lee 13177
- Lincoln 13181
- Lowndes 13185
- Madison 13195
- Morgan 13211
- Oconee 13219
- Pike 13231
- Randolph 13243
- Screven 13251
- Sumter 13261
- Thomas 13275
- Troup 13285
- Upson 13293
- Walton 13297
- Washington 13303
- White 13311
Illinois view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Kansas view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 49 N ▾
- Bath 21011
- Bell 21013
- Boyle 21021
- Breathitt 21025
- Calloway 21035
- Carter 21043
- Casey 21045
- Clay 21051
- Clinton 21053
- Elliott 21063
- Estill 21065
- Fleming 21069
- Floyd 21071
- Garrard 21079
- Grayson 21085
- Greenup 21089
- Hardin 21093
- Harlan 21095
- Jackson 21109
- Knott 21119
- Knox 21121
- Laurel 21125
- Lee 21129
- Leslie 21131
- Letcher 21133
- Lewis 21135
- Lincoln 21137
- Madison 21151
- Magoffin 21153
- Marshall 21157
- Martin 21159
- McCreary 21147
- Menifee 21165
- Montgomery 21173
- Morgan 21175
- Ohio 21183
- Owsley 21189
- Perry 21193
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Russell 21207
- Scott 21209
- Taylor 21217
- Wayne 21231
- Whitley 21235
- Wolfe 21237
Louisiana view state ↗ 41 N ▾
- Allen 22003
- Avoyelles 22009
- Beauregard 22011
- Bienville 22013
- Bossier 22015
- Caddo 22017
- Calcasieu 22019
- Caldwell 22021
- Catahoula 22025
- Claiborne 22027
- Concordia 22029
- De Soto 22031
- East Baton Rouge 22033
- East Carroll 22035
- East Feliciana 22037
- Evangeline 22039
- Grant 22043
- Jackson 22049
- Jefferson 22051
- Lafayette 22055
- LaSalle 22059
- Lincoln 22061
- Livingston 22063
- Morehouse 22067
- Natchitoches 22069
- Ouachita 22073
- Rapides 22079
- Red River 22081
- Richland 22083
- Sabine 22085
- St. Charles 22089
- St. Helena 22091
- St. Tammany 22103
- Tangipahoa 22105
- Union 22111
- Vernon 22115
- Washington 22117
- Webster 22119
- West Carroll 22123
- West Feliciana 22125
- Winn 22127
Maryland view state ↗ 4 N ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 47 N ▾
- Alcorn 28003
- Amite 28005
- Attala 28007
- Benton 28009
- Carroll 28015
- Chickasaw 28017
- Choctaw 28019
- Clay 28025
- Copiah 28029
- Covington 28031
- Franklin 28037
- George 28039
- Greene 28041
- Grenada 28043
- Hancock 28045
- Harrison 28047
- Itawamba 28057
- Jackson 28059
- Jasper 28061
- Jefferson 28063
- Jones 28067
- Kemper 28069
- Lafayette 28071
- Lamar 28073
- Lauderdale 28075
- Lee 28081
- Lincoln 28085
- Madison 28089
- Marion 28091
- Marshall 28093
- Montgomery 28097
- Newton 28101
- Noxubee 28103
- Perry 28111
- Pike 28113
- Pontotoc 28115
- Rankin 28121
- Scott 28123
- Smith 28129
- Stone 28131
- Tishomingo 28141
- Union 28145
- Walthall 28147
- Washington 28151
- Webster 28155
- Winston 28159
- Yalobusha 28161
Missouri view state ↗ 40 N ▾
- Adair 29001
- Barry 29009
- Benton 29015
- Boone 29019
- Butler 29023
- Cape Girardeau 29031
- Carroll 29033
- Carter 29035
- Christian 29043
- Crawford 29055
- Dent 29065
- Douglas 29067
- Franklin 29071
- Greene 29077
- Howell 29091
- Iron 29093
- Jefferson 29099
- Johnson 29101
- Laclede 29105
- Linn 29115
- Madison 29123
- Marion 29127
- McDonald 29119
- Oregon 29149
- Ozark 29153
- Perry 29157
- Phelps 29161
- Pike 29163
- Pulaski 29169
- Randolph 29175
- Reynolds 29179
- Ripley 29181
- Scott 29201
- Shannon 29203
- St. Francois 29187
- St. Louis 29189
- Ste. Genevieve 29186
- Taney 29213
- Texas 29215
- Wayne 29223
New Jersey view state ↗ 13 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 5 N ▾
North Carolina view state ↗ 61 N ▾
- Alamance 37001
- Beaufort 37013
- Bladen 37017
- Brunswick 37019
- Buncombe 37021
- Burke 37023
- Carteret 37031
- Caswell 37033
- Catawba 37035
- Chatham 37037
- Cherokee 37039
- Cleveland 37045
- Cumberland 37051
- Dare 37055
- Davidson 37057
- Davie 37059
- Duplin 37061
- Durham 37063
- Gaston 37071
- Gates 37073
- Graham 37075
- Granville 37077
- Greene 37079
- Guilford 37081
- Halifax 37083
- Harnett 37085
- Haywood 37087
- Henderson 37089
- Hertford 37091
- Iredell 37097
- Jackson 37099
- Johnston 37101
- Jones 37103
- Lee 37105
- Lenoir 37107
- Lincoln 37109
- McDowell 37111
- Mecklenburg 37119
- Montgomery 37123
- Moore 37125
- Northampton 37131
- Onslow 37133
- Orange 37135
- Pamlico 37137
- Pender 37141
- Person 37145
- Pitt 37147
- Randolph 37151
- Robeson 37155
- Rockingham 37157
- Rowan 37159
- Rutherford 37161
- Sampson 37163
- Stanly 37167
- Stokes 37169
- Surry 37171
- Swain 37173
- Wake 37183
- Wayne 37191
- Wilkes 37193
- Wilson 37195
Oklahoma view state ↗ 22 N ▾
- Adair 40001
- Atoka 40005
- Bryan 40013
- Cherokee 40021
- Choctaw 40023
- Coal 40029
- Delaware 40041
- Haskell 40061
- Hughes 40063
- Latimer 40077
- Le Flore 40079
- Marshall 40095
- Mayes 40097
- McCurtain 40089
- McIntosh 40091
- Muskogee 40101
- Okmulgee 40111
- Ottawa 40115
- Pittsburg 40121
- Pushmataha 40127
- Sequoyah 40135
- Washington 40147
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 15 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 28 N ▾
- Abbeville 45001
- Aiken 45003
- Anderson 45007
- Bamberg 45009
- Berkeley 45015
- Calhoun 45017
- Charleston 45019
- Chester 45023
- Dorchester 45035
- Edgefield 45037
- Fairfield 45039
- Georgetown 45043
- Greenville 45045
- Greenwood 45047
- Hampton 45049
- Horry 45051
- Jasper 45053
- Kershaw 45055
- Lancaster 45057
- Laurens 45059
- Lexington 45063
- Newberry 45071
- Oconee 45073
- Spartanburg 45083
- Sumter 45085
- Union 45087
- Williamsburg 45089
- York 45091
Tennessee view state ↗ 32 N ▾
- Anderson 47001
- Benton 47005
- Bledsoe 47007
- Blount 47009
- Carter 47019
- Decatur 47039
- Franklin 47051
- Greene 47059
- Grundy 47061
- Hamilton 47065
- Hardin 47071
- Hawkins 47073
- Haywood 47075
- Hickman 47081
- Jackson 47087
- Knox 47093
- Lauderdale 47097
- Madison 47113
- Marshall 47117
- Monroe 47123
- Montgomery 47125
- Morgan 47129
- Putnam 47141
- Roane 47145
- Rutherford 47149
- Scott 47151
- Stewart 47161
- Sumner 47165
- Union 47173
- Van Buren 47175
- Washington 47179
- Williamson 47187
Virginia view state ↗ 79 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Amelia 51007
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Augusta 51015
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Brunswick 51025
- Buckingham 51029
- Campbell 51031
- Caroline 51033
- Charles City 51036
- Charlotte 51037
- Chesapeake (city) 51550
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Dickenson 51051
- Dinwiddie 51053
- Essex 51057
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Giles 51071
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Greensville 51081
- Halifax 51083
- Hampton (city) 51650
- Hanover 51085
- Henrico 51087
- Henry 51089
- Highland 51091
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King George 51099
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Mathews 51115
- Mecklenburg 51117
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- New Kent 51127
- Newport News (city) 51700
- Northampton 51131
- Northumberland 51133
- Nottoway 51135
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Pittsylvania 51143
- Prince Edward 51147
- Prince George 51149
- Prince William 51153
- Rappahannock 51157
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Southampton 51175
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Stafford 51179
- Suffolk (city) 51800
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Virginia Beach (city) 51810
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Wise 51195
- York 51199
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/PIEC2 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/5285324 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T09:28:40Z