Index / Search / Phleum pratense
§1 Plant
Phleum pratense L.
vernacular timothy — species · Poaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Graminoid
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Monocot
- Family
- Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus
- Phleum
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Introduced
- CAN Canada Introduced
- GL Greenland Introduced
- HI Hawaii Introduced
- L48 Lower 48 States Introduced
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Introduced
§2b
County-level range
· 779 counties across 27 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Medium
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- Low
- Anaerobic
- Low
- CaCO₃
- High
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -43 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 90 min.
- Precipitation
- 30–65 in/yr
- pH range
- 5–7.8
- Root depth
- 10 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Bunch
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 3 ft
- Foliage texture
- Fine
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 1,163,200
- Propagation
- seed
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- High
- Graze palatability
- High
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Medium
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 779 counties across 27 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 5 I ▾
Alaska view state ↗ 14 I ▾
Arizona view state ↗ 7 I ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 17 I ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 1 I ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Florida view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 12 I ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 102 I ▾
- Adams 17001
- Alexander 17003
- Bond 17005
- Boone 17007
- Brown 17009
- Bureau 17011
- Calhoun 17013
- Carroll 17015
- Cass 17017
- Champaign 17019
- Christian 17021
- Clark 17023
- Clay 17025
- Clinton 17027
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- Crawford 17033
- Cumberland 17035
- De Witt 17039
- DeKalb 17037
- Douglas 17041
- DuPage 17043
- Edgar 17045
- Edwards 17047
- Effingham 17049
- Fayette 17051
- Ford 17053
- Franklin 17055
- Fulton 17057
- Gallatin 17059
- Greene 17061
- Grundy 17063
- Hamilton 17065
- Hancock 17067
- Hardin 17069
- Henderson 17071
- Henry 17073
- Iroquois 17075
- Jackson 17077
- Jasper 17079
- Jefferson 17081
- Jersey 17083
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Johnson 17087
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Kendall 17093
- Knox 17095
- Lake 17097
- LaSalle 17099
- Lawrence 17101
- Lee 17103
- Livingston 17105
- Logan 17107
- Macon 17115
- Macoupin 17117
- Madison 17119
- Marion 17121
- Marshall 17123
- Mason 17125
- Massac 17127
- McDonough 17109
- McHenry 17111
- McLean 17113
- Menard 17129
- Mercer 17131
- Monroe 17133
- Montgomery 17135
- Morgan 17137
- Moultrie 17139
- Ogle 17141
- Peoria 17143
- Perry 17145
- Piatt 17147
- Pike 17149
- Pope 17151
- Pulaski 17153
- Putnam 17155
- Randolph 17157
- Richland 17159
- Rock Island 17161
- Saline 17165
- Sangamon 17167
- Schuyler 17169
- Scott 17171
- Shelby 17173
- St. Clair 17163
- Stark 17175
- Stephenson 17177
- Tazewell 17179
- Union 17181
- Vermilion 17183
- Wabash 17185
- Warren 17187
- Washington 17189
- Wayne 17191
- White 17193
- Whiteside 17195
- Will 17197
- Williamson 17199
- Winnebago 17201
- Woodford 17203
Indiana view state ↗ 54 I ▾
- Boone 18011
- Brown 18013
- Carroll 18015
- Cass 18017
- Clark 18019
- Clay 18021
- Clinton 18023
- Crawford 18025
- Dearborn 18029
- Delaware 18035
- Elkhart 18039
- Fayette 18041
- Floyd 18043
- Fountain 18045
- Grant 18053
- Hancock 18059
- Harrison 18061
- Hendricks 18063
- Henry 18065
- Howard 18067
- Huntington 18069
- Jackson 18071
- Jasper 18073
- Jefferson 18077
- Jennings 18079
- Johnson 18081
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lagrange 18087
- Lawrence 18093
- Madison 18095
- Marion 18097
- Marshall 18099
- Monroe 18105
- Montgomery 18107
- Morgan 18109
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Parke 18121
- Porter 18127
- Putnam 18133
- Randolph 18135
- Rush 18139
- Shelby 18145
- St. Joseph 18141
- Steuben 18151
- Tippecanoe 18157
- Tipton 18159
- Vermillion 18165
- Vigo 18167
- Wabash 18169
- Wayne 18177
- Wells 18179
- White 18181
- Whitley 18183
Kentucky view state ↗ 69 I ▾
- Anderson 21005
- Ballard 21007
- Barren 21009
- Bath 21011
- Bell 21013
- Boone 21015
- Boyle 21021
- Bracken 21023
- Breathitt 21025
- Bullitt 21029
- Calloway 21035
- Campbell 21037
- Carlisle 21039
- Carter 21043
- Casey 21045
- Clark 21049
- Clay 21051
- Clinton 21053
- Edmonson 21061
- Estill 21065
- Fayette 21067
- Floyd 21071
- Franklin 21073
- Fulton 21075
- Garrard 21079
- Grant 21081
- Graves 21083
- Grayson 21085
- Green 21087
- Hardin 21093
- Harrison 21097
- Henry 21103
- Hickman 21105
- Hopkins 21107
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Jessamine 21113
- Kenton 21117
- Knott 21119
- Knox 21121
- Laurel 21125
- Lee 21129
- Letcher 21133
- Lewis 21135
- Logan 21141
- Lyon 21143
- Madison 21151
- Magoffin 21153
- Marion 21155
- Marshall 21157
- Martin 21159
- McCracken 21145
- McLean 21149
- Meade 21163
- Montgomery 21173
- Nelson 21179
- Oldham 21185
- Owen 21187
- Pendleton 21191
- Perry 21193
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Trigg 21221
- Warren 21227
- Wayne 21231
- Wolfe 21237
Louisiana view state ↗ 4 I ▾
Maine view state ↗ 16 I ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 I ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 5 I ▾
Montana view state ↗ 41 I ▾
- Beaverhead 30001
- Big Horn 30003
- Blaine 30005
- Broadwater 30007
- Carbon 30009
- Carter 30011
- Cascade 30013
- Chouteau 30015
- Custer 30017
- Daniels 30019
- Dawson 30021
- Fergus 30027
- Flathead 30029
- Gallatin 30031
- Glacier 30035
- Golden Valley 30037
- Granite 30039
- Hill 30041
- Jefferson 30043
- Judith Basin 30045
- Lake 30047
- Lewis and Clark 30049
- Lincoln 30053
- Madison 30057
- Meagher 30059
- Mineral 30061
- Missoula 30063
- Musselshell 30065
- Park 30067
- Petroleum 30069
- Phillips 30071
- Powder River 30075
- Powell 30077
- Ravalli 30081
- Rosebud 30087
- Sanders 30089
- Silver Bow 30093
- Sweet Grass 30097
- Teton 30099
- Wibaux 30109
- Yellowstone 30111
New Hampshire view state ↗ 9 I ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 18 I ▾
New York view state ↗ 55 I ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Broome 36007
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Columbia 36021
- Cortland 36023
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Fulton 36035
- Genesee 36037
- Hamilton 36041
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Livingston 36051
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- Schoharie 36095
- Schuyler 36097
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Steuben 36101
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Carolina view state ↗ 72 I ▾
- Anson 37007
- Ashe 37009
- Avery 37011
- Beaufort 37013
- Bertie 37015
- Buncombe 37021
- Burke 37023
- Cabarrus 37025
- Caldwell 37027
- Camden 37029
- Caswell 37033
- Catawba 37035
- Chatham 37037
- Cherokee 37039
- Chowan 37041
- Cleveland 37045
- Cumberland 37051
- Dare 37055
- Davidson 37057
- Durham 37063
- Forsyth 37067
- Franklin 37069
- Gates 37073
- Graham 37075
- Granville 37077
- Greene 37079
- Guilford 37081
- Halifax 37083
- Harnett 37085
- Haywood 37087
- Henderson 37089
- Hertford 37091
- Iredell 37097
- Jackson 37099
- Johnston 37101
- Lee 37105
- Lenoir 37107
- Macon 37113
- Madison 37115
- Martin 37117
- McDowell 37111
- Mecklenburg 37119
- Mitchell 37121
- Montgomery 37123
- Nash 37127
- Northampton 37131
- Orange 37135
- Pamlico 37137
- Pasquotank 37139
- Pender 37141
- Person 37145
- Pitt 37147
- Polk 37149
- Richmond 37153
- Robeson 37155
- Rockingham 37157
- Sampson 37163
- Scotland 37165
- Stokes 37169
- Surry 37171
- Swain 37173
- Tyrrell 37177
- Union 37179
- Vance 37181
- Wake 37183
- Warren 37185
- Washington 37187
- Watauga 37189
- Wayne 37191
- Wilkes 37193
- Wilson 37195
- Yancey 37199
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 67 I ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 4 I ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 10 I ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 42 I ▾
- Blount 47009
- Bradley 47011
- Campbell 47013
- Cannon 47015
- Carroll 47017
- Carter 47019
- Cheatham 47021
- Clay 47027
- Cocke 47029
- Coffee 47031
- Cumberland 47035
- Davidson 47037
- Dickson 47043
- Fentress 47049
- Franklin 47051
- Hamilton 47065
- Hardin 47071
- Haywood 47075
- Henry 47079
- Houston 47083
- Johnson 47091
- Knox 47093
- Madison 47113
- McNairy 47109
- Monroe 47123
- Montgomery 47125
- Morgan 47129
- Polk 47139
- Putnam 47141
- Roane 47145
- Rutherford 47149
- Sevier 47155
- Shelby 47157
- Smith 47159
- Stewart 47161
- Sullivan 47163
- Sumner 47165
- Tipton 47167
- Unicoi 47171
- Union 47173
- Washington 47179
- Williamson 47187
Vermont view state ↗ 14 I ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 78 I ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Arlington 51013
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Bland 51021
- Botetourt 51023
- Brunswick 51025
- Buckingham 51029
- Campbell 51031
- Caroline 51033
- Charles City 51036
- Chesterfield 51041
- Clarke 51043
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Dickenson 51051
- Essex 51057
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Gloucester 51073
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Hampton (city) 51650
- Hanover 51085
- Henrico 51087
- Highland 51091
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King George 51099
- Lancaster 51103
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Mathews 51115
- Mecklenburg 51117
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- Northampton 51131
- Nottoway 51135
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Powhatan 51145
- Prince Edward 51147
- Prince William 51153
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Southampton 51175
- Stafford 51179
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Tazewell 51185
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Westmoreland 51193
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
- York 51199
West Virginia view state ↗ 47 I ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Berkeley 54003
- Braxton 54007
- Brooke 54009
- Cabell 54011
- Calhoun 54013
- Doddridge 54017
- Fayette 54019
- Gilmer 54021
- Greenbrier 54025
- Hampshire 54027
- Hancock 54029
- Hardy 54031
- Harrison 54033
- Jackson 54035
- Jefferson 54037
- Kanawha 54039
- Lewis 54041
- Lincoln 54043
- Logan 54045
- Marion 54049
- Marshall 54051
- Mason 54053
- Mercer 54055
- Mineral 54057
- Mingo 54059
- Monongalia 54061
- Monroe 54063
- Morgan 54065
- Nicholas 54067
- Ohio 54069
- Pendleton 54071
- Pocahontas 54075
- Preston 54077
- Putnam 54079
- Raleigh 54081
- Randolph 54083
- Ritchie 54085
- Summers 54089
- Taylor 54091
- Tucker 54093
- Upshur 54097
- Wayne 54099
- Wetzel 54103
- Wirt 54105
- Wood 54107
- Wyoming 54109
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/PHPR3 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/9014945 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T06:33:17Z