Index / Search / Phalaris arundinacea
§1 Plant
Phalaris arundinacea L.
vernacular reed canarygrass — species · Poaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Graminoid
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Monocot
- Family
- Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus
- Phalaris
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Introduced
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Introduced
§2b
County-level range
· 1,009 counties across 33 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- High
- Salinity
- Medium
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Medium
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -38 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 120 min.
- Precipitation
- 30–65 in/yr
- pH range
- 5.5–8
- Root depth
- 14 in min.
- Fertility need
- High
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Rhizomatous
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Long
- Mature height
- 5 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Moderate
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Black
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- Slight
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 537,920
- Propagation
- seed, sprigs
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Medium
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Medium
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 1,009 counties across 33 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 9 I ▾
Arizona view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 2 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 2 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 74 N ▾
- Adams 17001
- Bond 17005
- Boone 17007
- Bureau 17011
- Calhoun 17013
- Carroll 17015
- Cass 17017
- Champaign 17019
- Christian 17021
- Clark 17023
- Clay 17025
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- Crawford 17033
- Cumberland 17035
- DeKalb 17037
- Douglas 17041
- DuPage 17043
- Edgar 17045
- Ford 17053
- Franklin 17055
- Fulton 17057
- Greene 17061
- Grundy 17063
- Hancock 17067
- Henderson 17071
- Henry 17073
- Iroquois 17075
- Jackson 17077
- Jersey 17083
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Johnson 17087
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Kendall 17093
- Knox 17095
- Lake 17097
- Lawrence 17101
- Lee 17103
- Livingston 17105
- Logan 17107
- Macon 17115
- Mason 17125
- McDonough 17109
- McHenry 17111
- McLean 17113
- Menard 17129
- Monroe 17133
- Morgan 17137
- Moultrie 17139
- Peoria 17143
- Perry 17145
- Piatt 17147
- Pike 17149
- Pope 17151
- Randolph 17157
- Richland 17159
- Rock Island 17161
- Sangamon 17167
- Schuyler 17169
- Scott 17171
- Shelby 17173
- St. Clair 17163
- Stark 17175
- Stephenson 17177
- Union 17181
- Vermilion 17183
- Wabash 17185
- Warren 17187
- Washington 17189
- Will 17197
- Williamson 17199
- Winnebago 17201
- Woodford 17203
Indiana view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Allen 18003
- Bartholomew 18005
- Boone 18011
- Carroll 18015
- Cass 18017
- Clark 18019
- Crawford 18025
- Daviess 18027
- Dearborn 18029
- Elkhart 18039
- Fayette 18041
- Floyd 18043
- Fountain 18045
- Fulton 18049
- Hamilton 18057
- Hancock 18059
- Hendricks 18063
- Henry 18065
- Howard 18067
- Jasper 18073
- Jefferson 18077
- Jennings 18079
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lagrange 18087
- Lake 18089
- Lawrence 18093
- Madison 18095
- Marion 18097
- Marshall 18099
- Monroe 18105
- Montgomery 18107
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Porter 18127
- Putnam 18133
- St. Joseph 18141
- Starke 18149
- Steuben 18151
- Sullivan 18153
- Switzerland 18155
- Wabash 18169
- Warren 18171
- Wayne 18177
- Wells 18179
Iowa view state ↗ 34 N ▾
- Adams 19003
- Allamakee 19005
- Boone 19015
- Carroll 19027
- Cass 19029
- Crawford 19047
- Dickinson 19059
- Emmet 19063
- Fremont 19071
- Greene 19073
- Guthrie 19077
- Hancock 19081
- Harrison 19085
- Henry 19087
- Humboldt 19091
- Ida 19093
- Jackson 19097
- Kossuth 19109
- Marion 19125
- Monona 19133
- O'Brien 19141
- Osceola 19143
- Page 19145
- Palo Alto 19147
- Pocahontas 19151
- Polk 19153
- Sioux 19167
- Story 19169
- Taylor 19173
- Union 19175
- Warren 19181
- Washington 19183
- Webster 19187
- Woodbury 19193
Kansas view state ↗ 32 N ▾
- Barton 20009
- Bourbon 20011
- Brown 20013
- Chase 20017
- Clark 20025
- Clay 20027
- Doniphan 20043
- Douglas 20045
- Ellsworth 20053
- Franklin 20059
- Jackson 20085
- Labette 20099
- Leavenworth 20103
- Linn 20107
- Lyon 20111
- McPherson 20113
- Meade 20119
- Miami 20121
- Morton 20129
- Nemaha 20131
- Neosho 20133
- Norton 20137
- Osage 20139
- Pawnee 20145
- Pottawatomie 20149
- Reno 20155
- Republic 20157
- Saline 20169
- Scott 20171
- Shawnee 20177
- Woodson 20207
- Wyandotte 20209
Kentucky view state ↗ 45 N ▾
- Allen 21003
- Ballard 21007
- Barren 21009
- Bath 21011
- Boone 21015
- Bourbon 21017
- Boyd 21019
- Campbell 21037
- Carlisle 21039
- Daviess 21059
- Edmonson 21061
- Elliott 21063
- Fayette 21067
- Floyd 21071
- Franklin 21073
- Fulton 21075
- Graves 21083
- Harrison 21097
- Henderson 21101
- Hickman 21105
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Kenton 21117
- Laurel 21125
- Lee 21129
- Leslie 21131
- Lewis 21135
- Livingston 21139
- Lyon 21143
- Marshall 21157
- Mason 21161
- McCracken 21145
- McCreary 21147
- Menifee 21165
- Nelson 21179
- Oldham 21185
- Powell 21197
- Robertson 21201
- Rowan 21205
- Scott 21209
- Shelby 21211
- Trigg 21221
- Warren 21227
- Wolfe 21237
- Woodford 21239
Maine view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Allegan 26005
- Alpena 26007
- Calhoun 26025
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clinton 26037
- Crawford 26039
- Emmet 26047
- Gladwin 26051
- Grand Traverse 26055
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Ionia 26067
- Iosco 26069
- Jackson 26075
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kalkaska 26079
- Kent 26081
- Lake 26085
- Leelanau 26089
- Lenawee 26091
- Livingston 26093
- Luce 26095
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Mecosta 26107
- Midland 26111
- Montcalm 26117
- Montmorency 26119
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Ogemaw 26129
- Oscoda 26135
- Otsego 26137
- Ottawa 26139
- Presque Isle 26141
- Roscommon 26143
- Sanilac 26151
- St. Clair 26147
- St. Joseph 26149
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wayne 26163
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 75 N ▾
- Aitkin 27001
- Anoka 27003
- Becker 27005
- Beltrami 27007
- Benton 27009
- Blue Earth 27013
- Brown 27015
- Carlton 27017
- Carver 27019
- Cass 27021
- Chippewa 27023
- Chisago 27025
- Clay 27027
- Clearwater 27029
- Cook 27031
- Cottonwood 27033
- Crow Wing 27035
- Dakota 27037
- Dodge 27039
- Douglas 27041
- Faribault 27043
- Fillmore 27045
- Goodhue 27049
- Houston 27055
- Hubbard 27057
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Jackson 27063
- Kanabec 27065
- Kandiyohi 27067
- Kittson 27069
- Koochiching 27071
- Lake 27075
- Lake of the Woods 27077
- Le Sueur 27079
- Lincoln 27081
- Lyon 27083
- Mahnomen 27087
- Marshall 27089
- Martin 27091
- McLeod 27085
- Meeker 27093
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Morrison 27097
- Mower 27099
- Murray 27101
- Nicollet 27103
- Nobles 27105
- Norman 27107
- Otter Tail 27111
- Pennington 27113
- Pine 27115
- Pipestone 27117
- Polk 27119
- Pope 27121
- Ramsey 27123
- Red Lake 27125
- Renville 27129
- Rice 27131
- Roseau 27135
- Scott 27139
- Sherburne 27141
- Sibley 27143
- St. Louis 27137
- Stearns 27145
- Swift 27151
- Todd 27153
- Traverse 27155
- Wabasha 27157
- Wadena 27159
- Waseca 27161
- Washington 27163
- Wilkin 27167
- Winona 27169
- Wright 27171
Missouri view state ↗ 58 N ▾
- Adair 29001
- Andrew 29003
- Atchison 29005
- Audrain 29007
- Barton 29011
- Bates 29013
- Boone 29019
- Butler 29023
- Caldwell 29025
- Callaway 29027
- Cape Girardeau 29031
- Carroll 29033
- Cass 29037
- Chariton 29041
- Clark 29045
- Clay 29047
- Cole 29051
- Crawford 29055
- Daviess 29061
- Dent 29065
- Franklin 29071
- Gasconade 29073
- Gentry 29075
- Greene 29077
- Holt 29087
- Howard 29089
- Iron 29093
- Jackson 29095
- Jasper 29097
- Johnson 29101
- Knox 29103
- Laclede 29105
- Lafayette 29107
- Lawrence 29109
- Lewis 29111
- Lincoln 29113
- Linn 29115
- Macon 29121
- Miller 29131
- Monroe 29137
- Montgomery 29139
- Newton 29145
- Nodaway 29147
- Phelps 29161
- Pike 29163
- Platte 29165
- Putnam 29171
- Ralls 29173
- Randolph 29175
- Saline 29195
- Schuyler 29197
- St. Charles 29183
- St. Clair 29185
- St. Francois 29187
- St. Louis 29189
- Stoddard 29207
- Sullivan 29211
- Vernon 29217
Montana view state ↗ 31 N ▾
- Beaverhead 30001
- Big Horn 30003
- Blaine 30005
- Broadwater 30007
- Carbon 30009
- Carter 30011
- Cascade 30013
- Daniels 30019
- Fergus 30027
- Flathead 30029
- Gallatin 30031
- Hill 30041
- Jefferson 30043
- Lake 30047
- Lewis and Clark 30049
- Lincoln 30053
- Madison 30057
- Missoula 30063
- Park 30067
- Phillips 30071
- Powder River 30075
- Powell 30077
- Ravalli 30081
- Richland 30083
- Rosebud 30087
- Sanders 30089
- Stillwater 30095
- Teton 30099
- Treasure 30103
- Valley 30105
- Yellowstone 30111
Nebraska view state ↗ 43 N ▾
- Antelope 31003
- Blaine 31009
- Boyd 31015
- Brown 31017
- Buffalo 31019
- Burt 31021
- Cass 31025
- Cedar 31027
- Cherry 31031
- Clay 31035
- Colfax 31037
- Cuming 31039
- Dawes 31045
- Dixon 31051
- Dodge 31053
- Douglas 31055
- Fillmore 31059
- Gage 31067
- Grant 31075
- Greeley 31077
- Hall 31079
- Hitchcock 31087
- Holt 31089
- Kearney 31099
- Lancaster 31109
- Madison 31119
- Merrick 31121
- Nemaha 31127
- Otoe 31131
- Phelps 31137
- Platte 31141
- Richardson 31147
- Rock 31149
- Saline 31151
- Sarpy 31153
- Saunders 31155
- Scotts Bluff 31157
- Seward 31159
- Sherman 31163
- Sioux 31165
- Stanton 31167
- Washington 31177
- Webster 31181
New Hampshire view state ↗ 9 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 19 N ▾
New Mexico view state ↗ 7 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 56 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Broome 36007
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Cortland 36023
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Genesee 36037
- Hamilton 36041
- Herkimer 36043
- Jefferson 36045
- Lewis 36049
- Livingston 36051
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Montgomery 36057
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- Schoharie 36095
- Schuyler 36097
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Steuben 36101
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Carolina view state ↗ 10 N ▾
North Dakota view state ↗ 36 N ▾
- Barnes 38003
- Bottineau 38009
- Burke 38013
- Burleigh 38015
- Cass 38017
- Cavalier 38019
- Divide 38023
- Eddy 38027
- Emmons 38029
- Foster 38031
- Grand Forks 38035
- Grant 38037
- Griggs 38039
- McHenry 38049
- McIntosh 38051
- McKenzie 38053
- McLean 38055
- Mercer 38057
- Morton 38059
- Mountrail 38061
- Nelson 38063
- Oliver 38065
- Pembina 38067
- Ramsey 38071
- Ransom 38073
- Richland 38077
- Rolette 38079
- Sargent 38081
- Sheridan 38083
- Stark 38089
- Stutsman 38093
- Towner 38095
- Traill 38097
- Walsh 38099
- Ward 38101
- Williams 38105
Ohio view state ↗ 74 N ▾
- Adams 39001
- Allen 39003
- Ashland 39005
- Ashtabula 39007
- Athens 39009
- Auglaize 39011
- Belmont 39013
- Brown 39015
- Butler 39017
- Carroll 39019
- Champaign 39021
- Clermont 39025
- Clinton 39027
- Columbiana 39029
- Coshocton 39031
- Crawford 39033
- Cuyahoga 39035
- Defiance 39039
- Delaware 39041
- Erie 39043
- Fairfield 39045
- Gallia 39053
- Geauga 39055
- Greene 39057
- Guernsey 39059
- Hamilton 39061
- Hardin 39065
- Harrison 39067
- Henry 39069
- Highland 39071
- Holmes 39075
- Huron 39077
- Jackson 39079
- Jefferson 39081
- Knox 39083
- Lake 39085
- Lawrence 39087
- Licking 39089
- Logan 39091
- Lorain 39093
- Lucas 39095
- Madison 39097
- Mahoning 39099
- Marion 39101
- Medina 39103
- Meigs 39105
- Mercer 39107
- Monroe 39111
- Morgan 39115
- Morrow 39117
- Muskingum 39119
- Noble 39121
- Ottawa 39123
- Paulding 39125
- Perry 39127
- Pickaway 39129
- Portage 39133
- Preble 39135
- Richland 39139
- Ross 39141
- Sandusky 39143
- Scioto 39145
- Seneca 39147
- Stark 39151
- Summit 39153
- Trumbull 39155
- Tuscarawas 39157
- Union 39159
- Van Wert 39161
- Vinton 39163
- Washington 39167
- Wayne 39169
- Wood 39173
- Wyandot 39175
Oklahoma view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 62 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 2 N ▾
South Dakota view state ↗ 32 N ▾
- Aurora 46003
- Beadle 46005
- Brookings 46011
- Charles Mix 46023
- Clay 46027
- Codington 46029
- Corson 46031
- Custer 46033
- Davison 46035
- Day 46037
- Douglas 46043
- Edmunds 46045
- Faulk 46049
- Hamlin 46057
- Harding 46063
- Hutchinson 46067
- Jerauld 46073
- Kingsbury 46077
- Lake 46079
- Lawrence 46081
- Lincoln 46083
- Marshall 46091
- McPherson 46089
- Mellette 46095
- Minnehaha 46099
- Pennington 46103
- Roberts 46109
- Sanborn 46111
- Spink 46115
- Todd 46121
- Union 46127
- Yankton 46135
Tennessee view state ↗ 19 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 49 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Amherst 51009
- Arlington 51013
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Carroll 51035
- Clarke 51043
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Hanover 51085
- Highland 51091
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Madison 51113
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Pittsylvania 51143
- Prince Edward 51147
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Tazewell 51185
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
West Virginia view state ↗ 27 N ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Berkeley 54003
- Brooke 54009
- Cabell 54011
- Fayette 54019
- Grant 54023
- Hampshire 54027
- Jackson 54035
- Jefferson 54037
- Lewis 54041
- Marion 54049
- Mason 54053
- Mineral 54057
- Monongalia 54061
- Monroe 54063
- Ohio 54069
- Preston 54077
- Putnam 54079
- Raleigh 54081
- Randolph 54083
- Ritchie 54085
- Summers 54089
- Tucker 54093
- Wetzel 54103
- Wirt 54105
- Wood 54107
- Wyoming 54109
Wisconsin view state ↗ 68 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Barron 55005
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Buffalo 55011
- Burnett 55013
- Calumet 55015
- Chippewa 55017
- Clark 55019
- Columbia 55021
- Crawford 55023
- Dane 55025
- Dodge 55027
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Dunn 55033
- Eau Claire 55035
- Florence 55037
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Forest 55041
- Grant 55043
- Green 55045
- Green Lake 55047
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Jefferson 55055
- Kenosha 55059
- Kewaunee 55061
- La Crosse 55063
- Lafayette 55065
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Marquette 55077
- Milwaukee 55079
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Ozaukee 55089
- Pepin 55091
- Polk 55095
- Portage 55097
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Rock 55105
- Rusk 55107
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- St. Croix 55109
- Taylor 55119
- Trempealeau 55121
- Vernon 55123
- Vilas 55125
- Walworth 55127
- Washburn 55129
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waupaca 55135
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/PHAR3 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/5289756 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T09:28:40Z