Index / Search / Juncus bufonius
§1 Plant
Juncus bufonius L.
vernacular toad rush — species · Juncaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Graminoid
- Duration
- Annual
- Group
- Monocot
- Family
- Juncaceae Juss.
- Genus
- Juncus
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Native
- CAN Canada Native
- HI Hawaii Introduced
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 650 counties across 38 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- None
- Salinity
- Medium
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Medium
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- 47 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 60 min.
- Precipitation
- 10–55 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.6–7.6
- Root depth
- 6 in min.
- Fertility need
- Low
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Bunch
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Mature height
- 1 ft
- Foliage texture
- Fine
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Porous
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Green
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Moderate
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 45,359,242
- Propagation
- bare root, sprigs
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 650 counties across 38 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Arizona view state ↗ 10 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 3 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 18 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 7 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 22 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 28 N ▾
- Allen 18003
- Boone 18011
- Brown 18013
- Cass 18017
- Gibson 18051
- Harrison 18061
- Jefferson 18077
- Knox 18083
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lagrange 18087
- Lake 18089
- Lawrence 18093
- Marshall 18099
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Owen 18119
- Porter 18127
- Pulaski 18131
- Putnam 18133
- Randolph 18135
- Ripley 18137
- Spencer 18147
- Steuben 18151
- Vanderburgh 18163
- Vigo 18167
- Wabash 18169
- Wayne 18177
- White 18181
Iowa view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Kansas view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Louisiana view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Acadia 22001
- Allen 22003
- Beauregard 22011
- Bienville 22013
- Bossier 22015
- Caddo 22017
- Calcasieu 22019
- Caldwell 22021
- Cameron 22023
- Catahoula 22025
- Claiborne 22027
- De Soto 22031
- East Carroll 22035
- Evangeline 22039
- Franklin 22041
- Grant 22043
- Jackson 22049
- Jefferson 22051
- Jefferson Davis 22053
- Lincoln 22061
- Madison 22065
- Morehouse 22067
- Natchitoches 22069
- Ouachita 22073
- Rapides 22079
- Red River 22081
- Richland 22083
- Sabine 22085
- St. Charles 22089
- St. Helena 22091
- St. John the Baptist 22095
- St. Landry 22097
- St. Mary 22101
- St. Tammany 22103
- Tangipahoa 22105
- Terrebonne 22109
- Union 22111
- Vernon 22115
- Washington 22117
- Webster 22119
- West Baton Rouge 22121
- West Carroll 22123
- West Feliciana 22125
- Winn 22127
Maine view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Maryland view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 45 N ▾
- Alcona 26001
- Alger 26003
- Allegan 26005
- Bay 26017
- Cass 26027
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clinton 26037
- Delta 26041
- Dickinson 26043
- Emmet 26047
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Ionia 26067
- Iosco 26069
- Jackson 26075
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Leelanau 26089
- Livingston 26093
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Manistee 26101
- Marquette 26103
- Midland 26111
- Missaukee 26113
- Monroe 26115
- Montcalm 26117
- Muskegon 26121
- Oakland 26125
- Oceana 26127
- Ottawa 26139
- Presque Isle 26141
- Roscommon 26143
- Sanilac 26151
- Schoolcraft 26153
- Shiawassee 26155
- St. Clair 26147
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wayne 26163
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Anoka 27003
- Becker 27005
- Carlton 27017
- Cass 27021
- Clay 27027
- Clearwater 27029
- Cook 27031
- Crow Wing 27035
- Douglas 27041
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Kittson 27069
- Koochiching 27071
- Lake 27075
- Lake of the Woods 27077
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Norman 27107
- Otter Tail 27111
- Pennington 27113
- Roseau 27135
- Sherburne 27141
- St. Louis 27137
- Washington 27163
- Wilkin 27167
Mississippi view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 9 N ▾
Montana view state ↗ 22 N ▾
- Beaverhead 30001
- Big Horn 30003
- Cascade 30013
- Daniels 30019
- Dawson 30021
- Fallon 30025
- Gallatin 30031
- Glacier 30035
- Golden Valley 30037
- Lake 30047
- Missoula 30063
- Park 30067
- Phillips 30071
- Powder River 30075
- Powell 30077
- Ravalli 30081
- Sheridan 30091
- Silver Bow 30093
- Sweet Grass 30097
- Teton 30099
- Valley 30105
- Wibaux 30109
Nebraska view state ↗ 20 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 15 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 47 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Bronx 36005
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Fulton 36035
- Genesee 36037
- Greene 36039
- Herkimer 36043
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- Seneca 36099
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Wyoming 36121
North Carolina view state ↗ 27 N ▾
- Ashe 37009
- Beaufort 37013
- Bertie 37015
- Bladen 37017
- Brunswick 37019
- Carteret 37031
- Chowan 37041
- Columbus 37047
- Cumberland 37051
- Dare 37055
- Durham 37063
- Franklin 37069
- Gates 37073
- Granville 37077
- Greene 37079
- Hertford 37091
- Hyde 37095
- Martin 37117
- Nash 37127
- New Hanover 37129
- Onslow 37133
- Orange 37135
- Pasquotank 37139
- Pender 37141
- Transylvania 37175
- Tyrrell 37177
- Wilson 37195
North Dakota view state ↗ 26 N ▾
- Barnes 38003
- Benson 38005
- Bottineau 38009
- Burke 38013
- Divide 38023
- Emmons 38029
- Foster 38031
- Golden Valley 38033
- Grand Forks 38035
- Grant 38037
- Griggs 38039
- Kidder 38043
- LaMoure 38045
- Logan 38047
- Mountrail 38061
- Nelson 38063
- Pembina 38067
- Ransom 38073
- Renville 38075
- Richland 38077
- Rolette 38079
- Sioux 38085
- Steele 38091
- Stutsman 38093
- Ward 38101
- Williams 38105
Ohio view state ↗ 17 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 42 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Huntingdon 42061
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Northampton 42095
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Somerset 42111
- Susquehanna 42115
- Warren 42123
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
Rhode Island view state ↗ 3 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 21 N ▾
- Aiken 45003
- Allendale 45005
- Bamberg 45009
- Barnwell 45011
- Berkeley 45015
- Charleston 45019
- Colleton 45029
- Dillon 45033
- Edgefield 45037
- Florence 45041
- Hampton 45049
- Jasper 45053
- Lancaster 45057
- Lexington 45063
- McCormick 45065
- Newberry 45071
- Orangeburg 45075
- Saluda 45081
- Sumter 45085
- Williamsburg 45089
- York 45091
South Dakota view state ↗ 4 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 2 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 33 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Amelia 51007
- Arlington 51013
- Chesterfield 51041
- Cumberland 51049
- Essex 51057
- Fairfax 51059
- Gloucester 51073
- Greensville 51081
- Halifax 51083
- Hampton (city) 51650
- Henrico 51087
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King and Queen 51097
- Lancaster 51103
- Mathews 51115
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Newport News (city) 51700
- Northampton 51131
- Northumberland 51133
- Powhatan 51145
- Prince William 51153
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockingham 51165
- Shenandoah 51171
- Southampton 51175
- Suffolk (city) 51800
- Virginia Beach (city) 51810
- Warren 51187
- Westmoreland 51193
- York 51199
West Virginia view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Burnett 55013
- Chippewa 55017
- Columbia 55021
- Dane 55025
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Florence 55037
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Forest 55041
- Green Lake 55047
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Kenosha 55059
- Kewaunee 55061
- La Crosse 55063
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Marquette 55077
- Milwaukee 55079
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Portage 55097
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- Vilas 55125
- Washburn 55129
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/JUBU ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/6413649 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T08:39:52Z