Index / Search / Ilex verticillata
§1 Plant
Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray
vernacular common winterberry — species · Aquifoliaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Shrub, Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J. Presl
- Genus
- Ilex
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 731 counties across 27 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Medium
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- Low
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- Low
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- Low
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -28 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 140 min.
- Precipitation
- 35–60 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.5–7.5
- Root depth
- 16 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Multiple Stem
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 10 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 6 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Moderate
- Flower colour
- White
- Fruit colour
- Red
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 92,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 731 counties across 27 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 32 N ▾
- Autauga 01001
- Baldwin 01003
- Bibb 01007
- Calhoun 01015
- Chambers 01017
- Cherokee 01019
- Chilton 01021
- Clarke 01025
- Clay 01027
- Cleburne 01029
- Coffee 01031
- Conecuh 01035
- Coosa 01037
- Cullman 01043
- Dallas 01047
- DeKalb 01049
- Elmore 01051
- Escambia 01053
- Greene 01063
- Jackson 01071
- Lamar 01075
- Lauderdale 01077
- Lee 01081
- Lowndes 01085
- Monroe 01099
- Montgomery 01101
- Randolph 01111
- Talladega 01121
- Tallapoosa 01123
- Tuscaloosa 01125
- Walker 01127
- Winston 01133
Arkansas view state ↗ 7 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 1 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 27 N ▾
- Barrow 13013
- Bartow 13015
- Bibb 13021
- Carroll 13045
- Cherokee 13057
- Clarke 13059
- Clayton 13063
- Dawson 13085
- DeKalb 13089
- Early 13099
- Forsyth 13117
- Gwinnett 13135
- Hall 13139
- Harris 13145
- Jackson 13157
- Jasper 13159
- Lamar 13171
- Lee 13177
- Marion 13197
- Meriwether 13199
- Oconee 13219
- Oglethorpe 13221
- Pickens 13227
- Rabun 13241
- Randolph 13243
- Rockdale 13247
- Walton 13297
Illinois view state ↗ 19 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 56 N ▾
- Adams 18001
- Allen 18003
- Bartholomew 18005
- Clark 18019
- Clay 18021
- Crawford 18025
- Daviess 18027
- Decatur 18031
- DeKalb 18033
- Delaware 18035
- Dubois 18037
- Elkhart 18039
- Fountain 18045
- Franklin 18047
- Fulton 18049
- Grant 18053
- Hamilton 18057
- Harrison 18061
- Hendricks 18063
- Henry 18065
- Howard 18067
- Huntington 18069
- Jackson 18071
- Jasper 18073
- Jefferson 18077
- Jennings 18079
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lagrange 18087
- Lake 18089
- LaPorte 18091
- Lawrence 18093
- Marion 18097
- Marshall 18099
- Monroe 18105
- Montgomery 18107
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Owen 18119
- Parke 18121
- Porter 18127
- Posey 18129
- Pulaski 18131
- Randolph 18135
- Ripley 18137
- Scott 18143
- St. Joseph 18141
- Starke 18149
- Steuben 18151
- Sullivan 18153
- Switzerland 18155
- Tippecanoe 18157
- Wabash 18169
- Wayne 18177
- Wells 18179
- White 18181
- Whitley 18183
Kentucky view state ↗ 37 N ▾
- Adair 21001
- Bath 21011
- Calloway 21035
- Casey 21045
- Clinton 21053
- Edmonson 21061
- Estill 21065
- Fleming 21069
- Graves 21083
- Hardin 21093
- Harrison 21097
- Henry 21103
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Knox 21121
- Laurel 21125
- Lee 21129
- Lewis 21135
- Lincoln 21137
- Madison 21151
- McCreary 21147
- Menifee 21165
- Metcalfe 21169
- Montgomery 21173
- Nelson 21179
- Owen 21187
- Owsley 21189
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Russell 21207
- Scott 21209
- Warren 21227
- Whitley 21235
- Wolfe 21237
Louisiana view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Maryland view state ↗ 2 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 70 N ▾
- Alger 26003
- Allegan 26005
- Alpena 26007
- Antrim 26009
- Arenac 26011
- Baraga 26013
- Barry 26015
- Bay 26017
- Benzie 26019
- Berrien 26021
- Calhoun 26025
- Cass 26027
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clare 26035
- Clinton 26037
- Delta 26041
- Eaton 26045
- Emmet 26047
- Gladwin 26051
- Gogebic 26053
- Grand Traverse 26055
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Iosco 26069
- Iron 26071
- Isabella 26073
- Jackson 26075
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kalkaska 26079
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Lake 26085
- Lapeer 26087
- Leelanau 26089
- Livingston 26093
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Manistee 26101
- Marquette 26103
- Mason 26105
- Mecosta 26107
- Menominee 26109
- Midland 26111
- Missaukee 26113
- Montcalm 26117
- Muskegon 26121
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Oceana 26127
- Ogemaw 26129
- Ontonagon 26131
- Osceola 26133
- Oscoda 26135
- Otsego 26137
- Ottawa 26139
- Presque Isle 26141
- Roscommon 26143
- Schoolcraft 26153
- Shiawassee 26155
- St. Clair 26147
- St. Joseph 26149
- Tuscola 26157
- Van Buren 26159
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wayne 26163
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 30 N ▾
- Aitkin 27001
- Anoka 27003
- Benton 27009
- Carlton 27017
- Cass 27021
- Chisago 27025
- Crow Wing 27035
- Dakota 27037
- Douglas 27041
- Fillmore 27045
- Goodhue 27049
- Hennepin 27053
- Houston 27055
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Kanabec 27065
- Lake 27075
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Morrison 27097
- Mower 27099
- Pine 27115
- Polk 27119
- Ramsey 27123
- Rice 27131
- Sherburne 27141
- St. Louis 27137
- Stearns 27145
- Wabasha 27157
- Washington 27163
- Wright 27171
Mississippi view state ↗ 11 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 21 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 48 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Bronx 36005
- Broome 36007
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Cortland 36023
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Genesee 36037
- Greene 36039
- Hamilton 36041
- Herkimer 36043
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Wyoming 36121
North Carolina view state ↗ 57 N ▾
- Alexander 37003
- Alleghany 37005
- Anson 37007
- Avery 37011
- Beaufort 37013
- Bertie 37015
- Bladen 37017
- Brunswick 37019
- Burke 37023
- Chatham 37037
- Cherokee 37039
- Chowan 37041
- Clay 37043
- Cleveland 37045
- Columbus 37047
- Davidson 37057
- Durham 37063
- Forsyth 37067
- Franklin 37069
- Gates 37073
- Graham 37075
- Granville 37077
- Guilford 37081
- Halifax 37083
- Harnett 37085
- Haywood 37087
- Henderson 37089
- Hertford 37091
- Iredell 37097
- Jackson 37099
- Johnston 37101
- Lee 37105
- Lincoln 37109
- Macon 37113
- Mitchell 37121
- Montgomery 37123
- Moore 37125
- Nash 37127
- Northampton 37131
- Orange 37135
- Pender 37141
- Pitt 37147
- Polk 37149
- Randolph 37151
- Robeson 37155
- Rockingham 37157
- Rowan 37159
- Stanly 37167
- Stokes 37169
- Surry 37171
- Transylvania 37175
- Union 37179
- Vance 37181
- Wake 37183
- Watauga 37189
- Wilkes 37193
- Yancey 37199
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 64 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 5 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 37 N ▾
- Anderson 47001
- Benton 47005
- Blount 47009
- Carroll 47017
- Carter 47019
- Chester 47023
- Coffee 47031
- Cumberland 47035
- Fentress 47049
- Grundy 47061
- Hamilton 47065
- Hardeman 47069
- Hardin 47071
- Haywood 47075
- Henry 47079
- Jackson 47087
- Johnson 47091
- Lauderdale 47097
- Lincoln 47103
- Marion 47115
- Marshall 47117
- McNairy 47109
- Monroe 47123
- Morgan 47129
- Polk 47139
- Putnam 47141
- Rhea 47143
- Scott 47151
- Sequatchie 47153
- Shelby 47157
- Sumner 47165
- Unicoi 47171
- Warren 47177
- Washington 47179
- Wayne 47181
- Weakley 47183
- White 47185
Vermont view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 92 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Alleghany 51005
- Amelia 51007
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Arlington 51013
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Brunswick 51025
- Buckingham 51029
- Campbell 51031
- Caroline 51033
- Carroll 51035
- Charles City 51036
- Charlotte 51037
- Chesapeake (city) 51550
- Chesterfield 51041
- Clarke 51043
- Craig 51045
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Dickenson 51051
- Dinwiddie 51053
- Essex 51057
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Gloucester 51073
- Goochland 51075
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Greensville 51081
- Hanover 51085
- Henrico 51087
- Henry 51089
- Highland 51091
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King and Queen 51097
- King George 51099
- King William 51101
- Lancaster 51103
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Mathews 51115
- Mecklenburg 51117
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- New Kent 51127
- Newport News (city) 51700
- Northampton 51131
- Northumberland 51133
- Nottoway 51135
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Pittsylvania 51143
- Powhatan 51145
- Prince Edward 51147
- Prince George 51149
- Prince William 51153
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Richmond 51159
- Roanoke 51161
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Southampton 51175
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Stafford 51179
- Suffolk (city) 51800
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Tazewell 51185
- Virginia Beach (city) 51810
- Washington 51191
- Westmoreland 51193
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
West Virginia view state ↗ 25 N ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Braxton 54007
- Fayette 54019
- Grant 54023
- Greenbrier 54025
- Hampshire 54027
- Marion 54049
- Mason 54053
- Mercer 54055
- Mineral 54057
- Monongalia 54061
- Morgan 54065
- Nicholas 54067
- Pendleton 54071
- Pocahontas 54075
- Preston 54077
- Putnam 54079
- Raleigh 54081
- Randolph 54083
- Summers 54089
- Taylor 54091
- Tucker 54093
- Upshur 54097
- Webster 54101
- Wyoming 54109
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/ILVE ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/5414267 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T07:25:30Z