Index / Search / Fraxinus pennsylvanica
§1 Plant
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
vernacular green ash — species · Oleaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link
- Genus
- Fraxinus
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 915 counties across 25 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Medium
- Shade
- Low
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- Low
- Anaerobic
- Medium
- CaCO₃
- High
- Hedging
- Medium
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -47 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 120 min.
- Precipitation
- 15–71 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.7–8.1
- Root depth
- 40 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Crown
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Short
- Mature height
- 80 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 35 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Yellow-Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Moderate
- Flower colour
- Green
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Summer
- Spread rate
- Moderate
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 14,320
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- Yes
- Fuelwood
- High
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 915 counties across 25 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 18 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 75 N ▾
- Arkansas 05001
- Ashley 05003
- Baxter 05005
- Benton 05007
- Boone 05009
- Bradley 05011
- Calhoun 05013
- Carroll 05015
- Chicot 05017
- Clark 05019
- Clay 05021
- Cleburne 05023
- Cleveland 05025
- Columbia 05027
- Conway 05029
- Craighead 05031
- Crawford 05033
- Crittenden 05035
- Cross 05037
- Dallas 05039
- Desha 05041
- Drew 05043
- Faulkner 05045
- Franklin 05047
- Fulton 05049
- Garland 05051
- Grant 05053
- Greene 05055
- Hempstead 05057
- Hot Spring 05059
- Howard 05061
- Independence 05063
- Izard 05065
- Jackson 05067
- Jefferson 05069
- Johnson 05071
- Lafayette 05073
- Lawrence 05075
- Lee 05077
- Lincoln 05079
- Little River 05081
- Logan 05083
- Lonoke 05085
- Madison 05087
- Marion 05089
- Miller 05091
- Mississippi 05093
- Monroe 05095
- Montgomery 05097
- Nevada 05099
- Newton 05101
- Ouachita 05103
- Perry 05105
- Phillips 05107
- Pike 05109
- Poinsett 05111
- Polk 05113
- Pope 05115
- Prairie 05117
- Pulaski 05119
- Randolph 05121
- Saline 05125
- Scott 05127
- Searcy 05129
- Sebastian 05131
- Sevier 05133
- Sharp 05135
- St. Francis 05123
- Stone 05137
- Union 05139
- Van Buren 05141
- Washington 05143
- White 05145
- Woodruff 05147
- Yell 05149
Delaware view state ↗ 2 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 23 N ▾
- Alachua 12001
- Brevard 12009
- Calhoun 12013
- Citrus 12017
- Columbia 12023
- Franklin 12037
- Gadsden 12039
- Hernando 12053
- Jackson 12063
- Jefferson 12065
- Lake 12069
- Levy 12075
- Liberty 12077
- Marion 12083
- Nassau 12089
- Santa Rosa 12113
- Sumter 12119
- Suwannee 12121
- Taylor 12123
- Volusia 12127
- Wakulla 12129
- Walton 12131
- Washington 12133
Georgia view state ↗ 40 N ▾
- Banks 13011
- Bartow 13015
- Bibb 13021
- Bulloch 13031
- Calhoun 13037
- Carroll 13045
- Catoosa 13047
- Chatham 13051
- Clarke 13059
- Columbia 13073
- Crawford 13079
- Dade 13083
- Dougherty 13095
- Echols 13101
- Elbert 13105
- Floyd 13115
- Franklin 13119
- Glascock 13125
- Greene 13133
- Gwinnett 13135
- Habersham 13137
- Hall 13139
- Hart 13147
- Henry 13151
- Jackson 13157
- Jefferson 13163
- Madison 13195
- Meriwether 13199
- Miller 13201
- Morgan 13211
- Murray 13213
- Oglethorpe 13221
- Putnam 13237
- Seminole 13253
- Sumter 13261
- Taliaferro 13265
- Tattnall 13267
- Towns 13281
- Walton 13297
- Wilkes 13317
Illinois view state ↗ 92 N ▾
- Adams 17001
- Alexander 17003
- Bond 17005
- Boone 17007
- Bureau 17011
- Calhoun 17013
- Carroll 17015
- Cass 17017
- Champaign 17019
- Christian 17021
- Clark 17023
- Clinton 17027
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- Crawford 17033
- De Witt 17039
- DeKalb 17037
- Douglas 17041
- DuPage 17043
- Edgar 17045
- Edwards 17047
- Fayette 17051
- Ford 17053
- Franklin 17055
- Fulton 17057
- Gallatin 17059
- Grundy 17063
- Hamilton 17065
- Hancock 17067
- Hardin 17069
- Henderson 17071
- Henry 17073
- Iroquois 17075
- Jackson 17077
- Jasper 17079
- Jefferson 17081
- Jersey 17083
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Johnson 17087
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Kendall 17093
- Knox 17095
- Lake 17097
- LaSalle 17099
- Lawrence 17101
- Lee 17103
- Livingston 17105
- Logan 17107
- Macon 17115
- Macoupin 17117
- Madison 17119
- Marion 17121
- Marshall 17123
- Mason 17125
- Massac 17127
- McDonough 17109
- McHenry 17111
- McLean 17113
- Menard 17129
- Mercer 17131
- Montgomery 17135
- Morgan 17137
- Ogle 17141
- Peoria 17143
- Perry 17145
- Piatt 17147
- Pike 17149
- Pope 17151
- Putnam 17155
- Randolph 17157
- Richland 17159
- Rock Island 17161
- Saline 17165
- Sangamon 17167
- Schuyler 17169
- Scott 17171
- Shelby 17173
- St. Clair 17163
- Stark 17175
- Tazewell 17179
- Union 17181
- Vermilion 17183
- Wabash 17185
- Warren 17187
- Washington 17189
- White 17193
- Whiteside 17195
- Will 17197
- Williamson 17199
- Winnebago 17201
- Woodford 17203
Indiana view state ↗ 75 N ▾
- Allen 18003
- Bartholomew 18005
- Blackford 18009
- Brown 18013
- Carroll 18015
- Cass 18017
- Clark 18019
- Clay 18021
- Crawford 18025
- Daviess 18027
- Dearborn 18029
- Decatur 18031
- DeKalb 18033
- Delaware 18035
- Elkhart 18039
- Fayette 18041
- Floyd 18043
- Fountain 18045
- Gibson 18051
- Greene 18055
- Hamilton 18057
- Hancock 18059
- Hendricks 18063
- Henry 18065
- Howard 18067
- Huntington 18069
- Jackson 18071
- Jasper 18073
- Jay 18075
- Jefferson 18077
- Jennings 18079
- Knox 18083
- Kosciusko 18085
- Lake 18089
- LaPorte 18091
- Lawrence 18093
- Madison 18095
- Marion 18097
- Marshall 18099
- Martin 18101
- Miami 18103
- Monroe 18105
- Montgomery 18107
- Morgan 18109
- Newton 18111
- Noble 18113
- Parke 18121
- Perry 18123
- Pike 18125
- Porter 18127
- Posey 18129
- Pulaski 18131
- Putnam 18133
- Randolph 18135
- Rush 18139
- Scott 18143
- Spencer 18147
- St. Joseph 18141
- Starke 18149
- Steuben 18151
- Sullivan 18153
- Switzerland 18155
- Tippecanoe 18157
- Tipton 18159
- Union 18161
- Vanderburgh 18163
- Vermillion 18165
- Vigo 18167
- Wabash 18169
- Warren 18171
- Warrick 18173
- Washington 18175
- Wayne 18177
- Wells 18179
- White 18181
Kentucky view state ↗ 106 N ▾
- Adair 21001
- Anderson 21005
- Ballard 21007
- Barren 21009
- Bath 21011
- Bell 21013
- Bourbon 21017
- Boyd 21019
- Bracken 21023
- Breathitt 21025
- Bullitt 21029
- Butler 21031
- Caldwell 21033
- Calloway 21035
- Campbell 21037
- Carlisle 21039
- Carroll 21041
- Carter 21043
- Casey 21045
- Christian 21047
- Clark 21049
- Clay 21051
- Clinton 21053
- Crittenden 21055
- Cumberland 21057
- Edmonson 21061
- Elliott 21063
- Estill 21065
- Fayette 21067
- Fleming 21069
- Floyd 21071
- Franklin 21073
- Fulton 21075
- Gallatin 21077
- Garrard 21079
- Graves 21083
- Grayson 21085
- Green 21087
- Greenup 21089
- Hancock 21091
- Hardin 21093
- Harlan 21095
- Harrison 21097
- Hart 21099
- Henderson 21101
- Henry 21103
- Hickman 21105
- Hopkins 21107
- Jackson 21109
- Jefferson 21111
- Jessamine 21113
- Johnson 21115
- Kenton 21117
- Knott 21119
- Knox 21121
- Larue 21123
- Laurel 21125
- Lawrence 21127
- Lee 21129
- Leslie 21131
- Letcher 21133
- Lewis 21135
- Lincoln 21137
- Livingston 21139
- Lyon 21143
- Madison 21151
- Marion 21155
- Marshall 21157
- Martin 21159
- Mason 21161
- McCreary 21147
- McLean 21149
- Meade 21163
- Menifee 21165
- Metcalfe 21169
- Monroe 21171
- Montgomery 21173
- Morgan 21175
- Muhlenberg 21177
- Nelson 21179
- Nicholas 21181
- Ohio 21183
- Owen 21187
- Owsley 21189
- Pendleton 21191
- Perry 21193
- Pike 21195
- Powell 21197
- Pulaski 21199
- Robertson 21201
- Rockcastle 21203
- Rowan 21205
- Russell 21207
- Scott 21209
- Shelby 21211
- Simpson 21213
- Spencer 21215
- Todd 21219
- Trigg 21221
- Trimble 21223
- Union 21225
- Warren 21227
- Wayne 21231
- Whitley 21235
- Wolfe 21237
- Woodford 21239
Louisiana view state ↗ 57 N ▾
- Allen 22003
- Ascension 22005
- Assumption 22007
- Avoyelles 22009
- Bossier 22015
- Caddo 22017
- Calcasieu 22019
- Caldwell 22021
- Cameron 22023
- Catahoula 22025
- Claiborne 22027
- Concordia 22029
- De Soto 22031
- East Baton Rouge 22033
- East Carroll 22035
- East Feliciana 22037
- Evangeline 22039
- Franklin 22041
- Grant 22043
- Iberia 22045
- Iberville 22047
- Jefferson 22051
- Lafayette 22055
- Lafourche 22057
- LaSalle 22059
- Lincoln 22061
- Livingston 22063
- Madison 22065
- Morehouse 22067
- Natchitoches 22069
- Orleans 22071
- Ouachita 22073
- Plaquemines 22075
- Pointe Coupee 22077
- Rapides 22079
- Red River 22081
- Richland 22083
- Sabine 22085
- St. Bernard 22087
- St. Charles 22089
- St. James 22093
- St. John the Baptist 22095
- St. Landry 22097
- St. Martin 22099
- St. Mary 22101
- St. Tammany 22103
- Tensas 22107
- Terrebonne 22109
- Union 22111
- Vermilion 22113
- Vernon 22115
- Washington 22117
- Webster 22119
- West Baton Rouge 22121
- West Carroll 22123
- West Feliciana 22125
- Winn 22127
Maine view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Alcorn 28003
- Calhoun 28013
- Forrest 28035
- Hancock 28045
- Hinds 28049
- Holmes 28051
- Jackson 28059
- Jasper 28061
- Lafayette 28071
- Lee 28081
- Leflore 28083
- Madison 28089
- Marshall 28093
- Noxubee 28103
- Pontotoc 28115
- Scott 28123
- Sharkey 28125
- Tallahatchie 28135
- Tunica 28143
- Union 28145
- Warren 28149
- Washington 28151
- Webster 28155
- Yazoo 28163
Montana view state ↗ 28 N ▾
- Big Horn 30003
- Blaine 30005
- Carter 30011
- Cascade 30013
- Chouteau 30015
- Custer 30017
- Dawson 30021
- Fallon 30025
- Gallatin 30031
- Garfield 30033
- Golden Valley 30037
- Madison 30057
- McCone 30055
- Missoula 30063
- Park 30067
- Phillips 30071
- Powder River 30075
- Prairie 30079
- Richland 30083
- Roosevelt 30085
- Rosebud 30087
- Sheridan 30091
- Stillwater 30095
- Teton 30099
- Treasure 30103
- Valley 30105
- Wibaux 30109
- Yellowstone 30111
New Hampshire view state ↗ 6 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 16 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 40 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chemung 36015
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Genesee 36037
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Livingston 36051
- Madison 36053
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- Schuyler 36097
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Tioga 36107
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Carolina view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Anson 37007
- Bertie 37015
- Bladen 37017
- Brunswick 37019
- Cabarrus 37025
- Catawba 37035
- Chatham 37037
- Cherokee 37039
- Cleveland 37045
- Craven 37049
- Cumberland 37051
- Davidson 37057
- Davie 37059
- Durham 37063
- Edgecombe 37065
- Forsyth 37067
- Franklin 37069
- Gaston 37071
- Granville 37077
- Guilford 37081
- Halifax 37083
- Harnett 37085
- Iredell 37097
- Johnston 37101
- Jones 37103
- Lee 37105
- Lenoir 37107
- Moore 37125
- Nash 37127
- New Hanover 37129
- Orange 37135
- Pender 37141
- Person 37145
- Pitt 37147
- Rockingham 37157
- Rowan 37159
- Stanly 37167
- Stokes 37169
- Union 37179
- Vance 37181
- Wake 37183
- Warren 37185
- Washington 37187
- Yadkin 37197
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 48 N ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Huntingdon 42061
- Jefferson 42065
- Juniata 42067
- Lancaster 42071
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Montour 42093
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Warren 42123
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 4 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Abbeville 45001
- Allendale 45005
- Anderson 45007
- Barnwell 45011
- Berkeley 45015
- Calhoun 45017
- Charleston 45019
- Cherokee 45021
- Chester 45023
- Chesterfield 45025
- Darlington 45031
- Edgefield 45037
- Fairfield 45039
- Greenville 45045
- Greenwood 45047
- Lancaster 45057
- Laurens 45059
- Lexington 45063
- Marlboro 45069
- McCormick 45065
- Newberry 45071
- Saluda 45081
- Williamsburg 45089
- York 45091
Tennessee view state ↗ 63 N ▾
- Anderson 47001
- Bedford 47003
- Benton 47005
- Blount 47009
- Campbell 47013
- Cannon 47015
- Carroll 47017
- Cheatham 47021
- Claiborne 47025
- Clay 47027
- Coffee 47031
- Cumberland 47035
- Davidson 47037
- DeKalb 47041
- Dickson 47043
- Dyer 47045
- Fayette 47047
- Franklin 47051
- Gibson 47053
- Giles 47055
- Grainger 47057
- Hamblen 47063
- Hamilton 47065
- Hancock 47067
- Hardeman 47069
- Hardin 47071
- Haywood 47075
- Henry 47079
- Hickman 47081
- Houston 47083
- Humphreys 47085
- Jackson 47087
- Jefferson 47089
- Johnson 47091
- Knox 47093
- Lake 47095
- Lauderdale 47097
- Loudon 47105
- Macon 47111
- Madison 47113
- Marshall 47117
- Maury 47119
- McNairy 47109
- Monroe 47123
- Montgomery 47125
- Obion 47131
- Putnam 47141
- Roane 47145
- Robertson 47147
- Rutherford 47149
- Shelby 47157
- Smith 47159
- Stewart 47161
- Sullivan 47163
- Sumner 47165
- Trousdale 47169
- Union 47173
- Van Buren 47175
- Washington 47179
- Weakley 47183
- White 47185
- Williamson 47187
- Wilson 47189
Vermont view state ↗ 7 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 65 N ▾
- Accomack 51001
- Albemarle 51003
- Amelia 51007
- Amherst 51009
- Arlington 51013
- Augusta 51015
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Brunswick 51025
- Buckingham 51029
- Caroline 51033
- Charles City 51036
- Charlotte 51037
- Clarke 51043
- Culpeper 51047
- Cumberland 51049
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Fluvanna 51065
- Franklin 51067
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Gloucester 51073
- Goochland 51075
- Greensville 51081
- Halifax 51083
- Hanover 51085
- Henrico 51087
- Isle of Wight 51093
- James City 51095
- King and Queen 51097
- King George 51099
- Lee 51105
- Loudoun 51107
- Louisa 51109
- Lunenburg 51111
- Madison 51113
- Mathews 51115
- Mecklenburg 51117
- Middlesex 51119
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- New Kent 51127
- Northampton 51131
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Powhatan 51145
- Prince Edward 51147
- Prince George 51149
- Prince William 51153
- Rappahannock 51157
- Richmond 51159
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Stafford 51179
- Suffolk (city) 51800
- Surry 51181
- Sussex 51183
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Wythe 51197
West Virginia view state ↗ 32 N ▾
- Barbour 54001
- Boone 54005
- Braxton 54007
- Brooke 54009
- Clay 54015
- Doddridge 54017
- Fayette 54019
- Greenbrier 54025
- Hardy 54031
- Jefferson 54037
- Kanawha 54039
- Lewis 54041
- Logan 54045
- Marion 54049
- Marshall 54051
- Mason 54053
- McDowell 54047
- Mineral 54057
- Monongalia 54061
- Monroe 54063
- Ohio 54069
- Preston 54077
- Putnam 54079
- Randolph 54083
- Ritchie 54085
- Roane 54087
- Summers 54089
- Tyler 54095
- Wayne 54099
- Webster 54101
- Wirt 54105
- Wood 54107
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/FRPE ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/3172348 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T06:33:17Z