Index / Search / Echinochloa frumentacea
§1 Plant
Echinochloa frumentacea Link
vernacular billion-dollar grass — species · Poaceae
PlateNo public-domain or CC photograph located.
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Graminoid
- Duration
- Annual
- Group
- Monocot
- Family
- Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus
- Echinochloa
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Introduced
- L48 Lower 48 States Introduced
§2b
County-level range
· 55 counties across 12 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- Low
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Medium
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- 37 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 150 min.
- Precipitation
- 18–60 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.7–7.4
- Root depth
- 8 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Bunch
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Mature height
- 3.9 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Green
- Fruit colour
- Yellow
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Rapid
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 142,880
- Propagation
- seed
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Graze palatability
- Medium
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Medium
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 55 counties across 12 states/territories.
Alabama view state ↗ 1 I ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 4 I ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 7 I ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 11 I ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 2 I ▾
New York view state ↗ 17 I ▾
Ohio view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 7 I ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 2 I ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 1 I ▾
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/ECFR ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/2702822 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T10:50:45Z