Index / Search / Circaea alpina
§1 Plant
Circaea alpina L.
vernacular small enchanter's nightshade — species · Onagraceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Forb/herb
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Onagraceae Juss.
- Genus
- Circaea
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Native
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 219 counties across 15 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Low
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Low
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- None
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -38 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 80 min.
- Precipitation
- 16–55 in/yr
- pH range
- 5–6.6
- Root depth
- 10 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Rhizomatous
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 0.9 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Porous
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- White
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 900,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, tubers
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- No Known Source
- Nursery stock
- No
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 219 counties across 15 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 16 N ▾
- Aleutians East 02013
- Anchorage 02020
- Denali 02068
- Dillingham 02070
- Fairbanks North Star 02090
- Haines 02100
- Kenai Peninsula 02122
- Ketchikan Gateway 02130
- Kodiak Island 02150
- Lake and Peninsula 02164
- Matanuska-Susitna 02170
- Northwest Arctic 02188
- Sitka 02220
- Southeast Fairbanks 02240
- Yakutat 02282
- Yukon-Koyukuk 02290
Arizona view state ↗ 3 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 9 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 15 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Montana view state ↗ 11 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 4 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 38 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Genesee 36037
- Hamilton 36041
- Jefferson 36045
- Lewis 36049
- Monroe 36055
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Rensselaer 36083
- Rockland 36087
- Schoharie 36095
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Steuben 36101
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Wyoming 36121
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 49 N ▾
- Allegheny 42003
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Dauphin 42043
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Monroe 42089
- Northampton 42095
- Perry 42099
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
Rhode Island view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Amherst 51009
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Giles 51071
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Highland 51091
- Madison 51113
- Nelson 51125
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Rappahannock 51157
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Tazewell 51185
- Washington 51191
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/CIAL ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/3188797 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T05:06:36Z